検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

フレーゲからラッセル、そしてウィトゲンシュタインへ――二十世紀初頭、言葉についての問いと答えが重なりあい、つながりあっていった。天才たちの挑戦は言語哲学の源流を形作っていく。

「新書大賞２０２４」第１位！ アジア・ブックアワード２０２４「最優秀図書賞」（一般書部門）受賞 25万部突破！　称賛の声、続々！

ことばが世界をつくるのか。世界がことばをつくるのか。元オリンピアンで著作も多く、「走る哲学者」とも呼ばれる為末大氏。

あなたは誰のメガネで世界を見ているのか　自分の頭で思考する限り、すべての人は「自分バイアス」を持っている。

人間が言語に規定された存在であることは二〇世紀の哲学の前提だった。二一世紀に入って二〇年が過ぎたいま、コミュニケーションにおける言葉の価値は低下し、〈言語を使う存在〉という人間の定義も有効性

今日から、「なぜ」と聞いてはいけません。代わりに、「いつ？」と聞いてください。40年超の対話のプロが熟練の経験を文字化した「解釈のズレを取り去る方法」＝事実質問術を紹介。

La tesi di Murgia è che l'odio possa essere una virtù, dipende da come lo pratichiamo. Per esempio, con Odio gli indifferenti Antonio Gramsci ha mostrato che, se riconosciuto e disciplinato, questo sentimento non è per forza distruttivo. Passando dalle maledizioni sarde ai salmi biblici, da Grazia Deledda alle lettere di san Paolo, Murgia smonta i nostri pregiudizi e rivendica il diritto di odiare – specialmente i prevaricatori, i prepotenti, tutti coloro che non credono nella responsabilità collettiva del bene.

“Mind-expanding . . . The Score is so exuberant and readable that the depth and seriousness of its insights almost sneak up on you.” —Jennifer Szalai, The New York Times “Brilliant and wildly original . . . The Score is socially attentive, historically literate and imbued with sensual...

Logic is often perceived as having little to do with the rest of philosophy, and even less to do with real life. In this lively and accessible introduction, Graham Priest shows how wrong this conception is. He explores the philosophical roots of the subject, explaining how modern formal logic deals with issues ranging from the existence of God and the reality of time to paradoxes of probability and decision theory. Along the way, the basics of formal logic are explained in simple, non-technical terms, showing that logic is a powerful and exciting part of modern philosophy.

The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, authors George Lakoff and Mark Johnson explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are "metaphors we live by"—metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them.

The front cover of the second edition of Language, Truth and Logic carried this statement in capital letters: ‘THE CLASSIC TEXT WHICH FOUNDED LOGICAL POSITIVISM - AND MODERN BRITISH PHILOSOPHY.’ It was a bold statement, but the book, first published in 1936 when A. J. Ayer was just 25 and a lecturer on philosophy at Christ Church, Oxford, drew unstinting praise from leading figures in the field, including Bertrand Russell.

Philosophical Investigations was published in 1953, two years after the death of its author. In the preface written in Cambridge in 1945 where he was professor of philosophy he states: ‘Four years ago I had occasion to re-read my first book (the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus) and to explain its ideas to someone. It suddenly seemed to me that I should publish those old thoughts and the new ones together: that the latter could be seen in the right light only by contrast with and against the background of my old way of thinking.’

"Philosophy is not a theory," asserted Austro-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), "but an activity." In this 1921 opus, his only philosophical work published during his lifetime, Wittgenstein defined the object of philosophy as the logical clarification of thoughts and proposed the solution to most philosophic problems by means of a critical method of linguistic analysis.

Discover the ancient wisdom that remains as relevant today as it was two millennia ago in On the Shortness of Life by Lucius Annaeus Seneca. This Stoic masterpiece is a powerful guide to reclaiming your time and living a life of purpose. Seneca’s profound insights challenge you to break free from distractions, prioritize what truly matters, and make every moment count.

Discover the profound wisdom of the ancient Stoics in this essential collection of their most enduring works. The Timeless Stoicism Collection brings together five cornerstone texts that have inspired countless readers and listeners to cultivate inner strength, resilience, and clarity in the face of life’s challenges.

Analogy is the core of all thinking. This is the simple but unorthodox premise that Pulitzer Prize-winning author Douglas Hofstadter and French psychologist Emmanuel Sander defend in their new work. Hofstadter has been grappling with the mysteries of human thought for over 30 years. Now, with his trademark wit and special talent for making complex ideas vivid, he has partnered with Sander to put forth a highly novel perspective on cognition.

This volume also includes a collection of essays entitled The Educational Frontier, Dewey's articles on logic, the outlawry of war, and philosophy for the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, and his reviews of Alfred North Whitehead's Adventures of Ideas, Martin Schutze's Academic Illusions in the Field of Letters and the Arts, and Rexford G. Tugwell's Industrial Discipline and the Governmental Arts.

This timely audio edition of A Rulebook for Arguments sharpens an already-classic text, adding updated examples and a new chapter on public debates that provides rules for the etiquette and ethics of sound public dialogue as well as clear and sound thinking in general.

Thomas Gilovich offers a guide to the fallacy of the obvious in everyday life. Illustrating his points with examples, and supporting them with the latest research findings, he documents the cognitive, social, and motivational processes that distort our thoughts, beliefs, judgments and decisions.

Your argument is valid and you know it; yet once again you find yourself leaving a debate feeling defeated and embarrassed. The matter is only made worse when you realize that your defeat came at the hands of someone's abuse of logic - and that with the right skills you could have won the argument. The ability to recognize logical fallacies when they occur is an essential life skill. Mastering Logical Fallacies is the clearest, boldest, and most systematic guide to dominating the rules and tactics of successful arguments.