Your monthly clinical update from James Oswald (Clinical Practice Guideline Specialist) and A/Prof Ben Meadley (Director of Paramedicine):

01:40 – 2025 Clinical Update Coming Soon

02:20 – IFS Retirement & Paediatric RSI Feedback

07:05 – STEMI Performance Update

08:50 – Free Birth: Paramedic Implications

11:50 – PANDA Trial Update

13:50 – Patient Safety: Cognitive bias & discounting concerning symptoms

19:20 – Missing PCRs in Severe Adverse Events

21:50 – Guideline Monitoring: Minor Head Injury & VVED Outcome Data

22:50 – Paper of the Month & New Cardiac Arrest Guidelines

25:45 – Equipment Updates

26:59 – Professional Development Opportunities

28:15 – Small Steps to Transform Your Practice

Further resources

Freebirth - Position statement | Safer Care Victoria

EMCRIT episode on paediatric FONA: https://emcrit.org/emcrit/pediatric-tracheotomy/

ERC 2025 Guidelines: https://www.erc.edu/science-research/guidelines/guidelines-2025/guidelines-2025-english/

AHA 2025 Guidelines: https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/cpr-and-ecc-guidelines

Opinion piece - Iain Beardsell: https://www.bmj.com/content/390/bmj.r2051

ACP Regional Paramedic Symposium: https://paramedics.org/events/rps-2025?tab=About

Emergency, Trauma & Critical Care Conference: https://www.fltr-ed.com/

Get in touch

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James: ⁠⁠⁠@JamesOz1⁠⁠ | @jamesoz1.bsky.social

Ben: ⁠@ben_meadley⁠

Linkedin

James

Ben

Producer: Liam Hennebry

James Oswald is joined by an expert panel to discuss the background, evidence and rationale behind the retirement of intubation facilitated by sedation:

• Richard Armour – MICA paramedic, PhD candidate, CPG specialist.
• Dr Claire Wilkin – PEM, AV Medical Advisor - Paediatrics
• A/Prof David Anderson – AV Medical Director

Get in touch

⁠clinicalguidelines@ambulance.vic.gov.au⁠

David: ⁠@expensivecare⁠ | @expensivecare.bsky.social | LinkedIn

James: https://linktr.ee/ClinicalConversations

Your monthly clinical update from James Oswald (Clinical Practice Guideline Specialist) and A/Prof Ben Meadley (Director of Paramedicine):

Clinical Update

• Warm IV fluid (13:38): Stop warming IV fluids in overhead compartments or with hot water bottles. Risks scalding/superheating. Store in equipment towers only.
• Paediatric distraction (03:26): kits available now. Evidence-based, non-digital active tools work best. Order via iProc. Document use in VACIS.
• Paediatric NIV (9:20): pathways with RCH/Monash/PIPER. Use patient device if feasible; alternatives include Flow-Safe and Zoll Z-Vent. More guidance coming.

Patient safety

• Low acuity, high risk (12:32): Some high-risk patients sit in apparently low acuity cases. Advocate, self-upgrade when risk warrants. Lodge cases in RiskMan.
• Standing height falls (14:49): Standing-height falls in older adults: great feedback from the field, we discuss common themes.

Paper of the Month (19:26): measurable “hyperacute T-wave” definition predicts OMI even without STEMI criteria.

Equipment (21:40): new neonatal BVMs; syringe-holder prototypes to separate RSI meds.

CPD (24:21): short courses and LinkedIn Learning suggestions.

Further resources

• Occlusion myocardial infarction and artificial intelligence
• Hyperacute T-wave definition
• https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/27536386251371078
• https://shortcourses.rmit.edu.au/collections/all
• https://mbs.edu/short-courses
• https://www.monash.edu/business/corporate-education/short-courses
• Linkedin.com/learning/

Get in touch

James: https://linktr.ee/ClinicalConversations

Ben: X/Twitter⁠ | Linkedin

clinicalguidelines@ambulance.vic.gov.au

This month James and David look at cardiogenic shock: recognition and classification, oxygen targets, fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, inotropes, and the possibility of shock centres in the future. They're joined by Professor Dion Stub, an interventional cardiologist, prolific researcher, professor at Monash University, member of the Australian Resuscitation Council, and medical advisor to Ambulance Victoria.

Further resources

Avoid trial: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circulationaha.114.014494

DETO2XAMI: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1706222#:~:text=The%20Determination%20of%20the%20Role,not%20have%20hypoxemia%20at%20baseline.

EXACT pilot trial: Concerns regarding the safety of prehospital titrated oxygen in post-cardiac arrest patients https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29684433/

PANDA Trial (AV Staff) https://ambulancevic.sharepoint.com/sites/OneAVQualityandClinicalInnovation/SitePages/PANDA-TRIAL-(.aspx

Get in touch

⁠clinicalguidelines@ambulance.vic.gov.au⁠

Socials

David: ⁠@expensivecare⁠ | @expensivecare.bsky.social | LinkedIn

James: https://linktr.ee/ClinicalConversations

Your monthly clinical update covering:

Mandatory VVED Consults for Infants <28 Days – trends, rationale for policy, clarifications, and case example demonstrating impact.

Stroke updates - performing ACT-FAST on all MASS positive patients, changes to VACIS and a plug for IV access.

Complex Paediatric Respiratory Patients – Managing patients on home non-invasive ventilation, maintaining continuity of care, and upcoming resources.

Trauma Updates –

• Blood component therapy expansion and compliance requirements.
• STAB-5 mnemonic and minimising scene time in major trauma.
• PANDA trial enrolment reminder.

Standing-Height Falls in Elderly – Missed spinal injury cases, cultural pendulum shift, guideline review, and call for feedback.

Manual Handling & Patient Safety in ED Cohorting – Safe movement of high-risk patients and preventing deterioration during cohorting.

Paper of the Month – Danish machine learning study outperforming NEWS2 for predicting deterioration from first-five-minute vitals, with explainable AI.

Equipment Committee Updates – New traction splints, medication safety devices via 3D printing, thermal blanket effectiveness, and syringe driver software updates.

Professional Development & Resources – Coroner’s Communiques, ACP International Conference, new paramedic podcasts.

Small Steps to Transform Practice –

1. Treat elderly standing-height falls as potential spinal injuries.
2. Minimise scene time for major trauma unless safety or critical intervention requires it.

Further resources

ACP Conference

Thermal blanket study

Machine learning study

STAB-5

Coroner's communique

Get in touch

clinicalguidelines@ambulance.vic.gov.au

X / Twitter / Bluesky

James: ⁠⁠⁠@JamesOz1⁠⁠ | @jamesoz1.bsky.social

Ben: ⁠@ben_meadley⁠

Linkedin

James

Ben

In this special Q&A episode of Clinical Conversations, James Oswald and Dr. David Anderson respond to the most common — and most complex — questions we've received on sedation, CPG implementation, and the evolving role of paramedics. We also reflect on why clinical guidelines are becoming more detailed, how to balance complexity with emergency care, and what the future holds for paramedics.

Get in touch

⁠clinicalguidelines@ambulance.vic.gov.au⁠

Socials

David: ⁠@expensivecare⁠ | @expensivecare.bsky.social| LinkedIn

James: https://linktr.ee/ClinicalConversations | LinkedIn

Your monthly update on clinical issues including:

Clinical Practice

Care and Control Powers (02:38 – 07:10)

Overview of section 232 and 241 powers.

Documentation: VACIS + RiskMan entries are essential.

More info: See Mental Health Crisis Reform on OneAV.

Verification of Death (07:10 – 08:48)

Verifying death is voluntary for paramedics.

Review WinOps 025 for current processes.

AV is working with VicPol to improve processes.

Encourage local discussion with TM/CSO about your approach.

Resus Ready Campaign (08:48 –10:34)

Aims to boost preparedness for cardiac arrest.

Includes: equipment checks, airway readiness, skills rehearsal.

Backed by patient safety reviews and cardiac arrest strategy.

Goal: Ensure every paramedic is ready regardless of experience/frequency.

Case 1: Pediatric respiratory case attended with only adult equipment.

Reflect on the potential trajectory of cases with reference to the balance of between taking all equipment vs minimising manual handling risk

Case 2: Chest rise/fall insufficient alone to assess ventilation.

Use waveform capnography early and consistently.

Case 3: CO₂ of 6mmHg was the only clue of incorrect tube placement in intubated asthma patient.

Always consider full clinical picture and question if data doesn’t make sense.

Paper of the month (14:46 – 20:55)

Parental Concern in Pediatric Deterioration

Asking "Are you worried your child is getting worse?" adds predictive value.

Parents who said “yes” had children:

• 4x more likely to go to ICU/be ventilated.
• More likely to be admitted or have longer stays.

Concern was a stronger predictor than abnormal vital signs.

Recommendation: Make carer concern an active, routine part of pediatric assessment.

Equipment Update (20:55 – 22:55)

New absorbent transfer sheet ("large bluey") improves:

• Patient hygiene and comfort.
• Paramedic safety.

Part of AV's broader equipment strategy under new Clinical Technology & Equipment Committee.

Professional Development: Postgraduate Study (22:55 – 24:59)

Encouragement for paramedics to pursue study outside paramedicine:

• Public health, digital health, systems leadership, etc.

Builds capability to:

• Lead teams, influence policy, improve care.
• Resource guide in show notes; feedback encouraged.

Small Steps to Transform Practice (24:59 – 26:42)

Ben’s tip: Don’t rely on chest rise alone—use capnography toassess ventilation.

James’s tip: Proactively ask parents if they’re worried their child is deteriorating.

Resources

Association between caregiver concern for clinicaldeterioration and critical illness in children presenting to hospital: a prospective cohort study https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(25)00098-7/abstract

Clinical Technology andEquipment Committee

https://ambulancevic.sharepoint.com/sites/OneAV-resource-hub/_layouts/15/viewer.aspx?sourcedoc={1633f009-99d3-4d08-9805-d5fb409fec3b}

In this episode of Clinical Conversations, we explore the complexities of managing acute behavioural disturbance (ABD) in children and adolescents—a small but increasingly common and high-risk cohort. Host James Oswald and AV Medical Director Dr. David Anderson are joined by paediatric emergency physician Dr. Claire Wilkin, who brings deep expertise in paediatric critical care. Together, they discuss the causes of ABD in younger patients, differences from adult presentations, principles of de-escalation, the role of sedation, and how to assess and manage risk.

Get in touch

⁠clinicalguidelines@ambulance.vic.gov.au⁠

X / Twitter / Blusky

David: ⁠@expensivecare⁠ | @expensivecare.bsky.social

James: ⁠⁠⁠@JamesOz1⁠⁠ |

Linkedin

James

David