検索キーワード： 現代

This short audio on logic argues that logic and science can go hand in hand, and that, by taking observations of perceptions and sensations, and applying logical analysis to them, you have the power to build conceptual models and frameworks that you can use in order to predict what you should do in the future and to reason how to solve the problems in your life.

The End of Enlightenment offers a radical re-evaluation of one of the most important moments in human history. Tracing around the world the changing perspectives of economists, philosophers, politicians and polemicists, historian Richard Whatmore argues that, for figures as diverse as David Hume, Edmund Burke, Adam Smith and Mary Wollstonecraft, the Enlightenment was a profound failure. They had strived to replace superstition with reason, fanaticism with toleration, but witnessed instead terror and revolution, corruption, gross commercial excess and the continued growth of violent empire.

Ever since its publication in 1651, Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan has unsettled and challenged how we understand the World. Condemned and vilified by each new generation, Hobbes' cold political vision continues to see through any number of political and ethical vanities. In his wonderfully stimulating book The New Leviathans, John Gray allows us to understand the World of the 2020s with all its contradictions, moral horrors and disappointments through a new reading of Hobbes' classic work.

The period from 1933 to 1943 was one of the darkest and most chaotic in human history, as the Second World War unfolded with unthinkable cruelty. It was also a crucial decade in the dramatic, intersecting lives of some of history’s greatest philosophers. There were four women, in particular, whose parallel ideas would come to dominate the twentieth century—at once in necessary dialogue and in striking contrast with one another.

Henry Thoreau’nun tüketici kültürüne yönelttiği ateşli eleştiriler ve daha basit yaşamayı şairane bir şekilde savunması tam da içinde yaşadığımız aşırı tüketim çağına ithaf edilmiş gibi duruyor. Ne var ki, Thoreau okunması kolay bir yazar değildir. Ağır bir dili vardır fikirlerini de oldukça zorlayıcı, kışkırtıcı bir biçimde ifade eder. Bu nedenle de yazılarına öylesine göz gezdiren bir okur Thoreau’yu okumaktan kolayca vazgeçebilir. Oysa fikirleri kaçırılmayacak kadar değerlidir. Bu kitap, Thoreau’nun gönüllü sadelik felsefesine derin ancak ulaşılabilir bir kaynak işlevi görmektedir.

Usta oyuncu Rüştü Asyalı'dan konuşma üstüne, dinleme üstüne, aşk üstüne, Türkçemiz üstüne düşünce ve saptamalar.

İlk defa 1882'de RusskajaMyslj adlı bir dergide yayınlanan İtiraflarım adlı bu eseri Tolstoy, elli yaşında geçirdiği manevi krizden sonra kaleme almıştır. İçine düştüğü bu kriz sonrasında aradığı kurtuluş yollarını ve bu sırada geçirdiği fikri, ahlaki ve dini gelişmeleri anlatır. Tolstoy, eninde sonunda ölecek olduğu bu hayatın anlamını bulmaya çalışır. İnsanlığın yaratılıştan beri sorduğu Ben neden varım?, Hayatın anlamı ne?, Ölümlü dünyada tüm bu çaba niye? sorularına cevap arar. Bu anlam arayışı önce bilimle başlar. Fakat bilimin verdiği cevaplardan tatmin olmaz ve felsefeye yönelir.

It's time to admit that we, the people of this planet, have lost faith in conventional tactics for maintaining order in the world. The time-tattered trio—violence, war, and self-serving politicians—have only made things worse. More importantly, we've lost faith in ourselves and the essential goodness of human nature.

Исповедь — автобиографическое произведение Льва Толстого, написанное в конце 1870-х — начале 1880-х годов и впервые опубликованное в 1884 году в Женеве. В "Исповеди" Льва Толстого, он размышляет о смысле жизни и веры, освещает внутренний кризис и стремление к духовному просветлению. Рассказ описывает авторское путешествие от религиозной скептичности к новому пониманию веры и божественного. Это мощное личное и философское размышление о духовности и смысле существования.

Qui ne s'est jamais senti indigné devant une situation jugée injuste ? Qui ne s'est jamais montré rebelle face à une autorité aveugle ? Tout un chacun est naturellement enclin à satisfaire ses propres désirs, assouvir ses besoins, exprimer sa subjectivité, manifester sa singularité. Mais quel moteur se cache derrière notre revendication de nous sentir libre ? La grandeur des causes que nous défendons ne dissimule-t-elle pas des motivations étonnantes ?

"Je n'ai pas le temps", "Le contexte ne le permettait pas", "Ils m'ont empêché de faire ce que je voulais". À force de prendre la couleur des circonstances, nous nous dégageons de toute responsabilité en nous exemptant de tout sentiment de culpabilité ou d'insuffisance. Comme le caméléon, nous nous protégeons en nous dissimulant derrière l'environnement: les embouteillages, la météo, la crise, le président, le maire, nos enfants, nos proches, nos voisins, le chat.

Avons-nous besoin d'amour ? De reconnaissance ? De nous sentir utile ? De ne pas souffrir ? D'être libre ? D'être intelligent ? Bienvenue dans l'humaine condition avec nos attentes plus ou moins intenses et notre anxiété de ne pas les voir satisfaites. Certains de ces désirs particuliers peuvent être ignorés, réprimés ou dépassés, soit naturellement, en raison d'événements de la vie ou du vieillissement, soit en travaillant sur soi-même. Deux extrêmes s'offrent à nous : la philosophie pour nous regarder en face, ou les neuroleptiques pour nous oublier.

Le mensonge est important. Nous nous mentons à nous-même et aux autres. Mais qu'est-ce qui nous pousse à dissimuler ou arranger la vérité à notre avantage ? Nous sommes imparfaits, pas aussi bons que nous le souhaiterions ou que nous le prétendons. L'intégration sociale nous oblige également à mentir car la vérité est source de problèmes et de conflits. Pour survivre et réussir, nous faisons semblant, avec les meilleures intentions. Mais attention! Le mensonge est bien trompeur. Quelles sont derrière les apparences, les diverses causes et formes du mensonge ?

Friedrich Nietzsche gilt bis heute als Spitze der philosophischen Nahrungskette. Sein umfassendes Werk deckt wissenschaftliche, künstlerische, philosophische und philologische Schriften ab. Nietzsche beeinflusste Maler, Literaten, Musiker, Wissenschaftler und Künstler aller sogenannten Genres und birgt nach wie vor gesellschaftliches Dynamit. Gerade wegen der Zeitlosigkeit und Aktualität seiner Schriften haben es keinerlei Gruppierungen jeglicher Art versäumt, sich schamlos an aus dem Zusammenhang gerissenen Formulierungen Nietzsches zu bedienen und auf ihre Fahnen zu schmieren.

Friedrich Nietzsche gilt bis heute als Spitze der philosophischen Nahrungskette. Sein umfassendes Werk deckt wissenschaftliche, künstlerische, philosophische und philologische Schriften ab. Nietzsche beeinflusste Maler, Literaten, Musiker, Wissenschaftler und Künstler aller sogenannten Genres und birgt nach wie vor gesellschaftliches Dynamit. Gerade wegen der Zeitlosigkeit und Aktualität seiner Schriften haben es keinerlei Gruppierungen jeglicher Art versäumt, sich schamlos an aus dem Zusammenhang gerissenen Formulierungen Nietzsches zu bedienen und auf ihre Fahnen zu schmieren.

...habe gerade Kafka-Dub gehört: Zuerst dachte ich: 42, du weißt schon, Douglas Adams, dann war ich ganz bei meinem Jahr mit Milton: Paradise Lost, dann beim Zenmeister und seiner berühmten Aufgabe, mit einer Hand zu klatschen, und zum Ende hin fragte ich mich, wie das wohl zu Ende gehen kann: Haus, Tisch, warten, allein, Welt, Dub, Dub, Dub... Kafka Dub ist ein Hörbuchprojekt zu Franz Kafkas Zürauer Aphorismen, die nach Kafkas Tod von seinem besten Freund Max Brod als Betrachtungen über Sünde, Leid, Hoffnung und den wahren Weg veröffentlicht wurden und will eine neue Perspektive auf Kafkas zeitloses Werk finden.

Daily we overlook fundamental simplicities. There are some fascinating things about how things got so easy. This book explores some interesting and captivating history behind everyday things that simplify our lives immensely. Why is your keyboard QWERTY? Why do we have 24 hours in a day and 12 months in a year? To highlight the importance of these simplicities, the book contrasts the daily lives of people who live in Anarcha, where there is no agreed-upon clock, calendar, unit of measurement, et cetera.

In 2011, Emerick, an ordained minister in the United Methodist Church and a licensed clinical social worker, embarked on a self-directed study to educate himself about the nation's principal political disputes. He discovered that America's dominant political and economic theories...are... pitting the demands of the individual against the needs of the community. But in the Constitution's preamble... the concerns of individual liberty and the general welfare are given equal weight, and a more equitable national philosophy will...combine the two.

The current discussion among liberals in America is that democracy is at stake if Donald J. Trump Sr. wins the American presidency in 2024. But the almost unexamined question is whether America was ever a democracy. This book examines the common definition of the word "democracy" and argues that it is a meaningless word, and does not describe the political reality in America.

This book is a distillation of the author's reflections on decades of clinical experience and much travelling around the world. He tries to convey a lot in as few words as possible. It is hoped that each maxim will be the stimulus to deep refection on the part of the listener.

'Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness' is the best-known phrase from the Declaration of Independence, one of the most important documents of the eighteenth century and the whole Enlightenment Age. Written by Thomas Jefferson, it is frequently evoked today as a shorthand for that idea we call the 'American Dream'. But this is a line with a surprising history. Rather than being uniquely American, the vision it encapsulates - of a free and happy world - owes a great deal to British thinkers too.

A Flash of Goodness aims for peace, friendship, and the peaceful resolution of conflicts. It discusses a project to create points of conversation and mutual understanding between Russians and Ukrainians.

David Hume (1711-1776) remains a major figure in British philosophy, particularly for two or three works, including A Treatise on Human Nature and An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. But he was also a prolific essayist and historian. During his lifetime Essays Moral, Political and Literary went through a number of editions and collections, far outselling his philosophy. Now, the situation is reversed. But listening to the essays today it is difficult to see why.

Once upon a time, philosophy was a dangerous business-and for no one more so than for Baruch Spinoza, the seventeenth-century philosopher vilified by theologians and political authorities everywhere as "the atheist Jew." As his inflammatory manuscripts circulated underground, Spinoza lived a humble existence in The Hague, grinding optical lenses to make ends meet. Meanwhile, in the glittering salons of Paris, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was climbing the ladder of courtly success.

The study of ancient Greek history has been central to the western conception of history since the Renaissance. The Muse of History traces the shifting patterns of this preoccupation in the last three centuries, in which each generation has reinterpreted the Greeks in the light of their contemporary world, through times of revolution, conflicting ideologies and warfare. It aims to offer a new history of Greek historiography from the Enlightenment to the present, and to acknowledge the continuing spiritual importance of the ancient Greeks for European culture.

Soren Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher, theologian, and religious author interested in human psychology. He is regarded as a leading pioneer of existentialism and one of the greatest philosophers of the 19th Century.

Soren Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher, theologian, and religious author interested in human psychology. He is regarded as a leading pioneer of existentialism and one of the greatest philosophers of the 19th Century.

Так казав Заратустра — філософський тритомний роман-трактат Фрідріха Ніцше, зміст якого обертається навколо ідей вічного повторення, "смерті Бога" та пророцтва про надлюдину. Головний персонаж — переосмислений Ніцше пророк зороастризму Заратустра, що повертається з проповіддю до людства після тривалого усамітнення в горах.

Mill's book Utilitarianism first appeared as a series of three articles published in Fraser's Magazine in 1861 and was reprinted as a single book in 1863. John Stuart Mill was brought up as a Benthamite with the explicit intention that he would carry on the cause of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a family of consequentialist ethical theories that promotes actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the majority of a population. Although different varieties of utilitarianism admit different characterizations, the basic idea behind all of them is to in some sense maximize utility.

Марк Твен умел несколькими словами выразить истинную суть любого явления, охарактеризовать человека или описать ситуацию так, что это становилось афоризмом. Всю жизнь он изучал человечество, бездны его пороков и вершины величия. В своих произведениях Марк Твен смеялся над ним – иронично, зло, с состраданием. Он как будто подносил зеркало и говорил: смотрите, люди, вы вот какие, исправьтесь. Никто вам не поможет: ни царь, ни бог, ни герой, ни демократия. Давайте сами. Предлагаем и вам, дорогие читатели, посмотреться в это зеркало. Приобщиться к искусству размышлять о времени и о себе.