検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

Why have our conversations become so polarised? What does "woke" mean? How do we challenge bad ideas? Fantastic Fallacies: And Brilliant Biases is the second book in the Fantastic Fallacies series. With this book, you can identify frustrating arguments and learn how to effectively challenge them. It describes 50 of the most common fallacies and biases, how to find them and how to refute them.

Durante generaciones, los lectores han debatido los orígenes y estudiado los principios del hermetismo. Este libro procura darte una idea de las enseñanzas fundamentales del Kybalión, en un esfuerzo por dar a conocer los principios funcionales, dejando que los apliques tú mismo, en lugar de tratar de enseñarlos a detalle.

En el Discurso del método, Descartes parece buscar y moverse en un elegante equilibrio entre la crítica y la prudencia, de tal forma que su obra, aparte del valor puramente reflexivo, se podría percibir como una sugestiva propuesta de conducta vital. Persiste en una separación entre fe religiosa y trabajo científico que se corresponde enteramente con las necesidades filosóficas de su contexto social histórico.

Eine starke Geschichte kann die Welt retten - oder sie zerstören. Sie kann Wahlen entscheiden, Menschenleben retten, aber auch Kriege auslösen und Ungerechtigkeit zementieren. Samira El Ouassil und Friedemann Karig verfolgen diese ambivalente Wirkungsmacht anhand wichtiger Narrative von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Und sie zeigen, welche Erzählungen uns heute gefährden und warum wir neue benötigen. Wie gelingt es, den Klimawandel so zu erzählen, dass er zum Handeln drängt? Aus welchen Überlegenheitsmythen entstehen Rassismus und Antisemitismus?

Between You and the Universe explores the expansive concept of reality by breaking it into three parts: science, symbols, and experience. You can explore what these distinct parts are and how they interweave to stitch everything around you. The goal is to present three mental models that explain how your reality emerges, from your idea of self to your understandings of the universe.

Ein spannendes Hörbuch, welches das Leben Wittgensteins thematisiert und den Hörer motiviert, sich auch nach dieser Einführung weitergehend mit dessen philosophischen Denkweise auseinanderzusetzen. Ludwig Wittgenstein gehört zu den bedeutendsten Philosophen seiner Zeit. Er befasste sich viel mit der analytischen Philosophie und verstrickte sich in Denkmuster, die auch für Philosophen teilweise kaum noch überschaubar sind.

On June 22, 1936, the philosopher Moritz Schlick was on his way to deliver a lecture at the University of Vienna when Johann Nelböck, a deranged former student of Schlick's, shot him dead on the university steps. Some Austrian newspapers defended the madman, while Nelböck himself argued in court that his onetime teacher had promoted a treacherous Jewish philosophy. David Edmonds traces the rise and fall of the Vienna Circle - an influential group of brilliant thinkers led by Schlick.

It is clearly explained: what it is for a statement to be necessarily true, why necessity, possibility, existence, and non-existence are properties of propositions (truths and falsehoods), not of objects or states of affairs, and more.

Reason is a powerful tool not only for finding our way in an increasingly complex world but also for growing intellectually and emotionally. This short, accessible volume unlocks the dynamics of human reason, helping listeners to think critically and to use reason confidently to solve problems. It enables listeners to think more clearly and precisely about the world, and it tackles a number of profound philosophical questions without getting bogged down with jargon. Topics include knowledge, identity, leadership, creativity, and empathy.

Neste livro Schopenhauer apresenta 38 estratégias sobre a arte de vencer um oponente num debate, não importando os meios, utilizando a maior ferramenta que possuímos; a palavra. É possível recorrer a estes estratagemas, lícitos e ilícitos, para 'obter' razão, e defendê-la quando ela estiver do nosso lado ou conquistá-la quando estiver do lado do adversário. Com frieza classificatória, Schopenhauer indica 'os caminhos oblíquos e os truques de que se serve a natureza humana em geral para ocultar seus defeitos'.

Can new language reshape our understanding of the past and expand the possibilities of the future? The Crime Without a Name follows Pitner’s journey to identify and remedy the linguistic void in how we discuss race and culture in the United States. Ethnocide, first coined in 1944 by Jewish exile Raphael Lemkin (who also coined the term “genocide”), describes the systemic erasure of a people’s ancestral culture.

Siamo nel 1919. La prima guerra mondiale è finita da poco. "Il dottor Benjamin fugge dalla casa di suo padre, il luogotenente Wittgenstein commette un suicidio finanziario, il libero docente Heidegger perde la fede e monsieur Cassirer lavora sul tram alla propria illuminazione." Comincia un decennio di eccezionale creatività, che cambierà per sempre il corso delle idee in Europa e senza il quale alcuni pensieri non sarebbero mai stati pensati.

In the 21st century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and, at the same time, appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that developed vaccines for COVID-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorising? Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are an irrational species. Instead, he explains that we think in ways that are sensible in the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over the millennia.

Logic is often perceived as having little to do with the rest of philosophy, and even less to do with real life. In this lively and accessible introduction, Graham Priest shows how wrong this conception is. He explores the philosophical roots of the subject, explaining how modern formal logic deals with issues ranging from the existence of God and the reality of time to paradoxes of probability and decision theory. Along the way, the basics of formal logic are explained in simple, non-technical terms, showing that logic is a powerful and exciting part of modern philosophy.

Séneca nos habla del paso del tiempo, de cómo los humanos nos enfrentamos a él y a la muerte, y cómo es que la vida se nos muestra corta cuando no lo es. El autor estoico, enfatiza que nuestra vida sería más duradera si no dedicáramos tanto tiempo a asuntos vanos e inútiles y nos dedicamos a vivirla plenamente. Sobre la brevedad de la vida, nos expone el enfoque de los estoicos respecto al tiempo, cómo aprovecharlo y cómo asegurarnos que el uso correcto de este nos encamine a vivir una vida larga y enriquecedora.

Ludwig Wittgenstein is één van de belangrijkste denkers uit de 20e eeuw en zijn filosofische werk omvat vrijwel het hele menselijk denken en handelen, met nadruk op de logica. Weinig mensen echter weten dat muziek een hoofdrol speelde in zijn leven. Hij groeide op in een muzikale familie, waar grote componisten als Brahms en Mahler over de vloer kwamen. Zelf speelde Wittgenstein klarinet en hij componeerde een muziekstuk, getiteld Leidenschaftlich, dat hij met potlood tussen zijn filosofische aantekeningen krabbelde.

In very recent times humanity has learnt a vast amount about the universe, the past and itself. But through our remarkable successes in acquiring knowledge we have learned how much we have yet to learn: the science we have, for example, addresses just five per cent of the universe, pre-history is still being revealed, with thousands of historical sites yet to be explored, and the new neurosciences of mind and brain are just beginning.

This work sets forth a theory which is speculative in nature, there being no verifying experiments. It is based on the idea of the reversibility of everything in time; that is, that every type of process has its time image, a corresponding process which is its exact reverse with respect to time.

The history of Western thought contains hundreds of statements by philosophers testifying to the use of esoteric writing in their own work or others'. Despite this well-documented history, however, esotericism is often dismissed today as a rare occurrence. But by ignoring esotericism, we risk cutting ourselves off from a full understanding of Western philosophical thought. Arthur M. Melzer serves as our guide in this engaging history of philosophical esotericism. Walking listeners through both an ancient and a modern esoteric work, he explains what esotericism is - and is not.

Die adjektivische Passiversatzform 'unverständlich' ist transformierbar in den Ausdruck 'kann nicht verstanden werden'. Das Modalverb 'können' hat typischerweise drei Funktionen: Kompetenz, Möglichkeit, Erlaubnis. An jeder schriftlichen Kommunikation sind (sehr einfach ausgedrückt) mindestens drei Momente beteiligt: ein Produzent, Zeichen, ein Rezipient. Wenn ein Zeichen, ein Wort, ein Satz, ein Text als 'unverständlich' bewertet wird, ist fragbar: Warum? "Die Fragmente von Friedrich Schlegel sind unverständlich." Mögliche Gründe: (1) Der Autor hat nicht die Kompetenz, sich verständlich mitzuteilen.