Edward Jenner would be deeply dismayed by modern vaccine hesitancy, seeing it as a tragic rejection of the very scientific method and public trust his work helped establish. Having witnessed the horrors of smallpox firsthand, he would likely regard refusal of vaccination as a dangerous lapse in moral and civic responsibility toward community health.

The Anti-Federalists would likely condemn the Trump tariffs as an abuse of centralized power that enriches a privileged few at the expense of independent farmers, merchants, and consumers. They would see such federal interference in trade as a betrayal of the decentralized, locally governed republic they envisioned—one that should protect liberty through limited government, not economic coercion.

The 17th-century architects of the Navigation Acts would likely applaud the Trump tariffs as a reaffirmation of mercantilist principles, seeing them as a means to protect domestic shipping, industry, and labor from foreign rivals. They would interpret such measures as essential to national power and economic security—echoing their own belief that restricting imports and channeling trade through the home country ensured wealth, employment, and political dominance