the global market system, characterizing it as a hierarchical structure with a central core and various peripheral layers. It outlines four distinct categories of nations based on their economic roles: central countries (like the US, living on confidence), quasi-central countries (Western Europe/Japan, relying on rationality and high-value industrial goods), peripheral industrial countries (China, India, relying on diligence), and raw material providers (living on luck). The text details the benefits of central status, such as wealth generation and economic stability, while also examining the inherent unfairness of this system due to factors like monetary policy control and seigniorage. Finally, it discusses challenges and "traps" faced by peripheral nations attempting to ascend this hierarchy, including the "resource curse" and ill-conceived industrialization strategies, concluding that the global market structure is robust and self-reinforcing despite its periodic self-renewal

Author's Core Arguments on the Evolving Global Landscap
The author elaborates on three key characteristics of the current world order, offering observations on the evolving global landscape. They also explain China's strategic responses to these profound global changes.

Analysis of China's Strategic Opportunities and Challenges
analyzed the international strategic opportunities and challenges currently facing China. He pointed out that in this "new era of openness," changes in U.S. domestic politics have led to a shift in its China policy, attempting to contain China through "decoupling and breaking chains." However, China maintains its commitment to openness.
believes that the unanchored global monetary system allows the U.S. to levy seigniorage on the world through excessive currency issuance. He argues that China should promote new international monetary systems, such as the BRICS currency, to break dollar hegemony and achieve a fairer distribution of wealth.
At the same time, emphasized that China's domestic reforms need to optimize debt structure by increasing the central government's debt ratio to alleviate local fiscal pressure. Additionally, he suggests expanding the middle-class population by increasing social welfare and stimulating domestic demand, thereby driving economic growth.
the Chinese economy is far from "peaking." With its own capabilities, diligence, and breakthroughs in technology and industrial upgrading, China will become the center of a new globalization, exporting Chinese brands, technology, standards, and even cultural aesthetics to the world.

The video, outlines China's economic strategies and achievements, particularly emphasizing a shift towards a domestic-led economic cycle. explains how China transitioned from a heavily internal economy (1950-1980) to an export-driven one (1980-2010), and now, by 2050, aims for a balanced dual circulation with a primary domestic focus. This shift is driven by a strategy to transform China into a global economic power by strengthening its internal market, upgrading its industrial output from labor-intensive goods to high-tech and equipment manufacturing, and fostering self-reliance in key technologies like semiconductors. Furthermore, the lecture details China's deepened opening-up strategy, including efforts to integrate domestic and foreign trade regulations, boost the service trade, advance the Belt and Road Initiative, implement free trade agreements, and gradually internationalize the RMB, all while preparing for continued engagement despite external pressures。

This source analyzes the current situation and future outlook for Chinese export businesses amidst global trade challenges like tariffs, emphasizing that 2025 marks a shift from a tariff war to comprehensive competition. It categorizes export businesses based on their product types and competitiveness, highlighting the struggles of mid-range companies and the relative resilience of ultra-low-cost and high-tech enterprises, as well as those in customized production. The text suggests that the focus on high-tech components and industrial intermediate goods, where replacement costs are high, offers a path to stability and profitability, pointing to the strategic advantage found in China's industrial cluster ecosystem and the increasing use of advanced automation. It also touches on the potential opportunities presented by new regulations like the EU's digital passport for product traceability.

focusing on the challenge of insufficient demand in the current macroeconomic climate. The speaker argues that this issue, particularly in China, stems not from a lack of capital but from a declining return on investment, making it unprofitable for businesses to invest domestically. This situation, the speaker contends, is a global phenomenon and represents a structural issue that cannot be solved by traditional economic measures like adjusting interest rates or taxes. The proposed solution involves a shift towards a model where state-owned entities actively invest in the market to capture the risk premium typically held by private investors, effectively socializing the profits and distributing them to the population, potentially through mechanisms like universal basic income, thus stimulating consumption and addressing the demand problem.

Leavhis presentation outlines China's economic transformation and strategic shift towards a "dual circulation" development model, emphasizing internal economic activity while maintaining international engagement. It details the historical evolution of China's trade orientation, moving from heavily inward-focused to export-driven, and now deliberately balancing both domestic consumption and international trade. The speaker highlights significant achievements in upgrading China's export structure towards high-tech and capital-intensive goods like advanced machinery and automobiles, and the shift in manufacturing from primarily processing trade to more integrated domestic production. Furthermore, the discussion covers China's approach to attracting foreign investment, emphasizing market size and manufacturing cost advantages, and the future priorities for opening up including integrating domestic and foreign trade rules, boosting service trade, advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, promoting free trade zones, and gradually internationalizing the RMB.e a comment and share your thoughts: https://open.firstory.me/user/cmb7atuwj089b01xx3dov124y/comments