Political Thought

The world has always been a lunatic asylum. The only difference is that previous generations of lunatics have been tidied into history textbooks, where their madness looks orderly and even inevitable. Ours has not yet had that privilege. A superpower claims sovereignty over an allied neighbor's territory. A sitting president is kidnapped from his own country. Civilian populations on every side of every conflict are ground between millstones they did not build and cannot stop.

Karl Marx was convinced he had decoded the secret engine of history. He was wrong—but not in the way most people think. The problem was never that Marx cared about injustice; it was that he built an unfalsifiable doctrine, mistook economic mechanics for universal law, and envisioned a revolution to be carried out by a class that no longer exists.

"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." So declared Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1762, launching one of the most celebrated—and most dangerous—ideas in the history of Western thought. Two and a half centuries later, we are still arguing about what he meant, whether he was right, and why the pursuit of his vision has cost so many lives. This book takes Rousseau's grand declaration and does something he might not have appreciated: it tests the claim against biology, neuroscience, existential philosophy, political history, and the looming age of artificial intelligence.

We live in the most prosperous era in human history. We have technology our grandparents could not imagine. We live longer, safer, more comfortable lives than any generation before us. So why are depression and anxiety at record highs? Why do so many people feel that their work doesn't matter? Why does success leave us empty?

Every revolution in history promised equality, brotherhood, and shared prosperity. Every one of them delivered tyranny, suffering, and betrayal. And yet the dream persists—because it was never wrong. Only the method was. In What Institutional Communism Got Wrong, Boris Kriger—a former Orthodox priest who ran a homeless shelter in his own house for nine years, lived in an Israeli kibbutz, and once found himself teaching communism to the general secretaries of Canada’s two communist parties—makes a case so simple it sounds radical: cooperation is the natural state of human beings.

Something is deeply wrong with school—and everybody knows it. Students forget nearly everything they learn within months of passing a test. Teachers burn out, crushed between impossible bureaucratic demands and classrooms full of children who would rather be anywhere else. Parents oscillate between guilt and helplessness, dimly aware that the system they entrust with their children's futures is failing spectacularly—yet unable to imagine an alternative.