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The history of the Russian Revolution and the subsequent civil war has been well documented in a number of books and documentaries. What has received far less coverage is an almost uncannily similar situation in Finland during the same time period. Starting in 1917, Finland was convulsed by a series of events that provided a direct parallel to those in Russia. The revolution, the civil war that followed, and the impact of the end of World War I all helped to define the modern state of Finland. This is the story of a forgotten conflict, its roots, and its impact on Finland and beyond.

Dutch painter and printmaker Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn is considered one of the greatest artists of all time. As a painter, he never considered glamorizing what he saw, and he was a master of creating extraordinary scenes with light and shadows. His paintings were unique for their ability to depict action and moods. Sadly, having a mistress and spending recklessly went far to ruin his reputation during his lifetime. Rembrandt died penniless and was buried in a pauper’s grave.

Operation Mincemeat is the story of a handful of men who believed in using their imaginations to help the Allies defeat the Axis Powers during the Second World War. Their plan was to dupe the Germans into relocating troops away from Sicily, the Allies' true target, as part of the larger deception known as Operation Barclay. Members of Britain's intelligence services hit upon the audacious idea of planting a dead body to deliver false information to the Germans, convincing Hitler that Greece and Sardinia, not Sicily, were next.

William Pitt the Younger sometimes gets lost in the historical shuffle, overshadowed by his famous father and the drama of Napoleon Bonaparte in France. But few prime ministers in any country have left a deeper mark. Taking office at just 24 years old, making him the youngest prime minister in world history, he spent nearly two decades reshaping Britain's finances and steering it through a war that would define a generation. He might not have been a smooth operator, but he was certainly a shrewd one.

Anaïs Nin was an influential and acclaimed writer best known for her diaries that cover six decades from the 1910s to the 1970s. In addition to her famous journals, her works include novels, essays, poetry, studies, and erotica - many of which remain popular to this day. As one of the first prominent female authors of erotica, Nin led a controversial life that was subject to many rumors. Her fearlessness when it came to tackling taboo topics such as incest, sexual abuse, and extra-marital affairs would earn her both staunch supporters and zealous critics.

Elvis Presley was much more than a cultural icon; he was a reliable barometer of the world in which he grew up. Long before the cultural revolutions of the '60s and '70s, Elvis was sparking a dynastic change of hands in American society. In this audiobook, you will learn about the life, the legend, and the unmistakable icon - Elvis Presley.

On August 28, 2019, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked Queen Elizabeth II to prorogue Parliament. She approved the request. The elaborate ritual of the queen granting the prime minister permission to do what he intended to do anyway demonstrates how the legacy of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 made the British Parliament, not the monarch, the ultimate source of power in government. But it was not always so.

William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066, permanently changing the landscape of the English countryside and the course of English history. No one debates his importance; whether the influence was good or bad is a much more involved conversation. To understand English history over time, it is important to understand the transition from Anglo-Saxon history of the country to the Anglo-Norman control that existed until approximately the 15th century.

The Livonian War broke out in 1558 after Livonia, which was ruled by the Livonian Order of the Teutonic Knights, refused to negotiate with Russian Tsar Ivan IV over control of its lands. The Livonian Confederation had never been particularly stable, and tensions between the knights and the many factions vying for power had left Livonia dangerously weakened. Its position on the Baltic Sea made it a coveted prize, and Ivan knew Russia would not be the only country looking to exploit the crisis. It was no longer a question of whether the country would be invaded, but who would invade first.

The Crusades were a pivotal period in world history, but while much has been said of the swashbuckling Crusaders who stormed into the Middle East, much less has been said about those who were on the other end of this conflict. Yet it was out of this historic drama that dynamic figures like the Sultan Saladin came to prominence. Saladin was, by most measures, an unlikely candidate for greatness. Born to a Kurdish mercenary family with no particular claim to fame, he came of age more drawn to religious study than to soldiering.

In September 1944, the Allies seized Antwerp in Belgium, the largest deep-water port in northwestern Europe at the time. It should have been a great boon. The Scheldt River was wide enough and deep enough to bring ocean-going supply ships from the North Sea directly into the heart of the Allied advance, finally easing the logistics crisis that had slowed the march toward Germany. However, the port was useless without control of the Scheldt Estuary, a 60-mile (100-kilometer) waterway connecting Antwerp to the sea.

Discover the remarkable history of the Battle of the Wilderness...The year 1864 saw Abraham Lincoln facing an increasingly unpopular war with too few Union victories, and a presidential re-election campaign pitting him against the Democratic challenger and former Union commander General George McClellan. The outlook for both looked dire for Lincoln.

Twenty years ago, paleoanthropologists confidently asserted that there were just two species at the origin of modern humans: Homo sapiens, our direct ancestors, and the Neanderthals. Both had evolved from the earlier Homo erectus. When Homo sapiens began to migrate out of Africa on a large scale around 70,000 years ago, they met Neanderthals in Europe and western Asia, and the two species lived peacefully together and even interbred. Over time, the Neanderthals died out, though we still don't know precisely why, and that left Homo sapiens as the single surviving human species on the planet.

Discover the remarkable history of the Lewis and Clark Expedition... In 1800, less than 25 years after it became an independent nation, the United States faced a new threat on its western border. To the west lay a vast area known as the Louisiana Territory, which was under Spanish control. The United States had negotiated treaties with Spain that allowed small numbers of US settlers and traders to enter the territory, to use the Mississippi River for navigation, and to trade through the Spanish port of New Orleans.

Salvador Dalí, born in Figueres, Spain, was one of the twentieth century’s most important painters. He showed artistic talent from an early age, and his parents were determined to nurture that gift. Enrolled in three different art schools, Dalí proved himself a brilliant and technically precise painter as well as an impossible student. He was expelled twice and made a point of telling his examiners they were incompetent to judge him. He was, in other words, exactly the kind of brash artist the modern world was waiting for.

The assassination of Austria-Hungary's Archduke Franz Ferdinand didn't just ignite the fuse to the tinderbox that was Europe in the early years of the twentieth century. When war was declared and the soldiers set off to fight the "war to end all wars," World War I realigned nations, sent their economies reeling, and toppled thrones and classes. Hungary was a particularly vivid example of how quickly a nation's fate could plummet from empire to supplicant.

Discover the remarkable life of Sacagawea... Sacagawea is widely known as the Native American woman who helped guide Lewis and Clark across the western frontiers of North America in the early 1800s. It was an extraordinary journey that took a small band of explorers thousands of miles into uncharted territory, across treacherous mountain passes, vast plains, and all the way to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. This was indeed a remarkable and historic period for both Sacagawea and the rapidly growing nation of the United States.

Discover the remarkable life of Johann Sebastian Bach... During his lifetime, Johann Sebastian Bach was a Konzertmeister who played eloquent music for the masses at church, but his unique, free-flowing style was not always appreciated when his day job called for him to play traditional church standards. He was jailed by a duke, passed over for promotions, and told repeatedly to tone it down. Yes, for most of his life, Bach was more akin to an unsung hero than the celebrated genius we know him as today. That recognition would come, but not until long after he was gone.

Discover the remarkable life of Chester A. Arthur... Chester A. Arthur is not a name that immediately comes to mind when one thinks of great American presidents. He is, in many ways, the forgotten man of the White House, and most Americans would probably struggle to place him, let alone recall what he actually did. And yet his story is remarkable and, in many ways, surprising.

While these are ancient events, they do have direct relevance to the world in which we live today. Scientists have spent a great deal of time looking at the Great Ice Age, principally because understanding it could help us understand the complex web of linked factors that lead to climate change. That, in turn, may help us to understand the changes in climate we seem to be facing today. This is the fascinating story of the Great Ice Age.