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The year 1815 marked the beginning of a time of repression in Europe. Napoleon Bonaparte had been defeated at Waterloo and sent to the remote South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, the torrent of blood unleashed by the French Revolution had finally run dry, and the dispossessed princes were returning to their thrones. Bourbon King Louis XVIII returned to Paris, King Ferdinand VII was restored in Madrid, and the numerous petty princes of Germany and Italy took back power in their localities.

"Les Presses Universitaires de France et Frémeaux & Associés proposent cette histoire des Vendéens, analysée et expliquée par Jean-Clément Martin, professeur émérite de l'Université Paris 1, spécialiste de l'histoire de la Révolution française, de la Contre-Révolution et de la guerre de Vendée. D'une escarmouche locale à la guerre civile, "la guerre de Vendée" est devenue le symbole de la contre-révolution. Dans le contexte révolutionnaire, les chouanneries vendéennes attisent les tensions nationales entre Montagnards et Girondins."

During the 17th century, the Netherlands, despite having only 1.5 million people in 1600, became a global maritime and trading power. By contrast, France at the time had 20 million people, Spain had eight million, and England had five million. Nevertheless, Amsterdam became one of the most important urban centers in the world and the location of the world’s first stock market, and Dutch merchant ships and pirates plied the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean.

Louis de Rouvroy, Duke of Saint-Simon (1675-1755) provides the world with unparalleled insight both into the rule of France's Sun King, Louis XIV, and the tantalizing intrigues of the monarch's inner circle. Saint-Simon notes in his Memoirs that it was his love of reading - and of history in particular - that sparked his interest in recording his own observations. The length and breadth of his notes were undoubtedly made the more possible because he kept his writings secret.

Plus d'un demi-siècle après l'indépendance de l'Algérie, est-il possible de raconter sans manichéisme et sans œillères la guerre au terme de laquelle un territoire ayant vécu cent trente ans sous le drapeau français est devenu un État souverain ? La conquête et la colonisation au XIXe siècle, le statut des différentes communautés au XXe siècle, le terrible conflit qui ensanglanta l'Algérie et parfois la métropole de 1954 à 1962, tout est matière, aujourd'hui, aux idées toutes faites et aux jugements réducteurs.

Discover the remarkable history of the Napoleonic Wars. The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts fought between France and various coalitions in Europe between 1803 and 1815 (though some put the start date at 1799). The prelude to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and the Napoleonic Wars is the French Revolution, and the conflicts that continued after Napoleon seized power would radically affect Europe and indeed political philosophies not confined by artificial boundaries.

In 1949 Noor Inayat Khan was awarded the George Cross posthumously. How did this young lady from a noble upbringing with a pacifist belief have the desire, dedication, and willingness to risk everything to become one of the bravest and courageous agents during World War II? Starting her career with the Women’s Auxiliary Air Force, Noor soon wanted to make more of an impact on the war effort. This, combined with her incredible willpower and determination were soon noticed and she was recruited as a Special Operations Executive.

Except for the two world wars, the Tour has been run annually since that 1903 race, and yearly addendums seem the best way to keep telling the story. So please join us as we go on the 107th trip around La Belle France. Let’s see how those new faces of the 2019 Tour did in 2020.

At the dawn of the 20th century, French newspapers used bicycle races as promotions to build readership. Until 1903 these were one-day events. Looking to deliver a coup de grâce in a vicious circulation war, Henri Desgrange - editor of the Parisian sports magazine L’Auto - took the suggestion of one of his writers to organize a race that would last several days longer than anything else, like the six-day races on the track, but on the road. The race was an electrifying success. Held annually (suspended only during the two World Wars), the Tour grew longer and more complex.

In the midst of the devastating Hundred Years’ War between France and England, Jean de Carrouges, a Norman knight, fresh from combat in Scotland finds his wife, Marguerite, accusing squire Jacques Le Gris of brutally raping her. A deadlocked court decrees a “trial by combat” that also leaves Marguerite’s fate in the balance. For if her husband loses the duel, she will be put to death as a false accuser. While enemy troops pillage the land, and rebellion and plague threaten the lives of all, Carrouges and Le Gris meet in full armor on a walled field in Paris.

I, Napoleon is a one man theater play, written by David Serero, about Napoleon Bonaparte's life. Under the form of an autobiography, one of the greatest historical figures of all time, Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) tells his story from his birth to his death, to the audience of 2020. Starring French actor David Serero as Napoleon Bonaparte. Performed in English language.

Aprender más sobre Las Guerras Napoleónicas y la guerra de 1812.

Société de pensée, ordre initiatique, communauté fraternelle ou simple réseau politique, la franc-maçonnerie demeure environnée d'ombres, de secrets et de fantasmes. Née au XVIIIe siècle, attachée à des rites et des symboles, la franc-maçonnerie française a aussi fait place à l'esprit des Lumières. Au XIXe siècle, elle s'est impliquée dans la vie du pays, exprimant des conceptions civiques et politiques pour devenir, entre 1870 et 1940, une véritable "Église de la République".

Avec "Le Duel", Frédéric Mitterrand nous fait vivre le terrible affrontement qui opposa deux géants de l'histoire : Napoléon III et Victor Hugo. Un récit écrit à hauteur d'homme, vivant, tendu, marqué par la passion et la violence, sur les convulsions de la haine en politique et le rapport de fascination entre hommes de pouvoir et écrivains. Le 2 décembre 1851, le président de la République Louis Napoléon Bonaparte viole la Constitution et s'empare de tous les pouvoirs avant de se faire proclamer empereur.

"Grâce à ce qu'on appelait alors le "poste", les Français ont pu suivre, la plupart du temps en famille, tous les grands évènements de leur époque. Tantôt heureux, tantôt tristes. "La Librairie sonore" nous livre ici, une anthologie de 92 de ces instants historiques.

Near the end of the 19th century, Otto von Bismarck, the German chancellor, brought the plenipotentiaries of all major powers of Europe together to deal with Africa's colonization in such a manner as to avoid provocation of war. This event, known as the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, galvanized a phenomenon that came to be known as the Scramble for Africa.

On June 14, 1940, German tanks entered a silent and nearly deserted Paris. Eight days later, France accepted a humiliating defeat and foreign occupation. Subsequently, an eerie sense of normalcy settled over the City of Light. Many Parisians keenly adapted themselves to the situation - even allied themselves with their Nazi overlords. At the same time, amidst this darkening gloom of German ruthlessness, shortages, and curfews, a resistance arose.

Apart from The Last of the Mohicans, most Americans know little of the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years' War, and yet it remains one of the most fascinating periods in our history. In January 2006, PBS will air The War That Made America, a four-part documentary about this epic conflict. Fred Anderson, the award-winning and critically acclaimed historian, has written the official tie-in to this exciting television event.

From its opening amid the horrors of the French Revolution, to its unexpected ending on the shores of the English Channel, The Scarlet Pimpernel fizzes with excitement and wit. Dominating the action is the apparently limp-wristed fop, Sir Percy Blakeney, the most unlikely, though the most gentlemanly of heroes. With a happy countenance Sir Percy outwits all the machinations of Chauvelin, the zealous Revolutionary official, to help nobles escape.

"Je savais où je voulais vivre, avec qui je voulais vivre, et comment je voulais vivre. À mes yeux médusés d'enfant, le mot France brillait de tous les feux : histoire, littérature, politique, guerre, amour, tout était rassemblé et transfiguré par une même lumière sacrée, un même art de vivre mais aussi de mourir, une même grandeur, une même allure, même dans les pires turpitudes."