検索キーワード： 理論

No single individual is ever the sole founder of any major stance in political philosophy. Nevertheless, if one were forced to name the founder of the classical liberal perspective in political thought which holds as its primary political principle that individual liberty is to be respected and protected, one would have to point to the English philosopher John Locke.

Joseph Schumpeter is one of the most accomplished economists of the 20th century. Included among his many contributions is his path-breaking work on entrepreneurship—one of the quintessential characteristics of all market economies.

Revolution & Counter Revolution is an account of what happened in Prussia, Austria, and other German states during 1848, describing the impact on both middle-class and working-class aspirations and on the idea of German unification. Events in Austria and Prussia are discussed, along with the role of the Poles and Czechs and Panslavism, which Engels was against.

Living in exile in England, where this work was largely written, Marx drew on a wide-ranging knowledge of its society to support his analysis. Arguing that capitalism would cause an ever-increasing division in wealth and welfare, he predicted its abolition and replacement by a system with common ownership of the means of production. Capital rapidly acquired readership throughout the world, to become a work described by Marx's collaborator Friedrich Engels as 'the Bible of the working class'.

The "forgotten" second volume of Capital, Marx's world-shaking analysis of economics, politics, and history. Capital rapidly acquired readership throughout the world, to become a work described by Marx's collaborator Friedrich Engels as 'the Bible of the working class'. This volume also contains the vital discussion of commodity - the cornerstone to Marx's theories. This audiobook is expertly read by Audie award-winning narrator, Malk Williams, and translated by Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling. It is edited by Friedrich Engels.

The UCLA tradition carries on in the work of dozens of economists who earned their PhDs at UCLA during its golden years. Because their work spread beyond UCLA, the tradition lives on in the work of scores of economists who had no formal connection with the school.

Bien que de nombreux penseurs se soient penchés sur la question de la valeur, il n'existe pas de somme exhaustive ni accessible à ce sujet. Pour remédier à cela, David Graeber nous invite à analyser la valeur dans ses différentes acceptions (sociologique, économique et linguistique) et à explorer les théories de l'échange au prisme de sa discipline, l'anthropologie, tout en convoquant les autres sciences sociales pour en amplifier la portée.

Adam Smith (1723–1790) is widely hailed as the founding father of the discipline now known as economics, and he is widely credited as the founding father of what is now known as capitalism. Smith’s 1776 book, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, is often cited as the beginning of both economics and capitalism, and its influence since its publication ranks it among the most important works of the last millennium.

Buchanan believed deeply that each individual is morally equal to every other individual. Because no person is superior, ethically speaking, to any other person, no person’s opinions or preferences should be given special advantage over those of other persons. He believed that this conclusion holds fast despite the undeniable fact that some individuals are smarter, better educated, wealthier, or higher-born than others.

Nobel laureate economist F. A. Hayek first revolutionized economists' understanding of markets, and then profoundly challenged the public's understanding of government.

When economists are called “influential,” it usually means they’ve changed the way other economists think. By that standard, Milton Friedman was one of the most influential economists of all time.

David Hume (1711–1776) is a towering and intriguing figure. He was the preeminent philosopher in what is now called the Scottish Enlightenment, a time that was “crowded with genius” and in a place regarded as the rebirth of the golden era of Athens. His writing displayed an astonishing range, addressing everything from metaphysics to politics, and in subject after subject, he produced fresh, novel, and brilliant insights.

The purpose of this audiobook is to present an overview of the key tenets of Austrian economics by synthesizing the insights from these thinkers in a set of eight topics that capture the core elements of Austrian economics.

Our current democratic capitalist system is close to imploding. This book is the first to reveal the secret financial system dominating capitalism today and shows how we can create accountability to restore our democracy.

In this Very Short Introduction, Christopher Berry offers a balanced and nuanced view of this seminal thinker, embedding his fierce defense of free trade, competition, and assault on special interests in contemporary European history, politics, and philosophy. As Berry explores, Smith was more than an economist. In addition to his two major works he also wrote a pioneering study of the history of astronomy as an illustration of the motivations that drive humans to seek answers to questions.

¿Cómo podemos beneficiarnos de las promesas del Gobierno y evitar al mismo tiempo la amenaza que éste supone para la libertad individual? En este audiolibro Milton Friedman presenta el compendio definitivo de su influyente filosofía económica. Su objetivo principal es analizar el papel del capitalismo competitivo.

“A vivid portrait of an exceptional woman and a lively history of the economic and financial crises that helped make the treasury secretary and former Fed chair who she is today.” —Sylvia Nasar, #1 New York Times bestselling author of A Beautiful Mind “Captivating. . . . Part biography...

Monty is a dog, not a financial genius, but economics still shapes his everyday life. Over the course of seventeen walks, Dr Rebecca Campbell chews over economic concepts and investigates how they apply to our lives–people and mutts alike. There are no graphs, no charts (Monty can’t read them) and definitely no calculus! How to Teach Economics to Your Dog tackles the knotty question of what economics actually is. Is it a mathematical science like physics? Or a moral and philosophical investigation of how societies should manage scarce resources?

Gazprom, Google und der Fluch der Abhängigkeit: Warum Monopole so gefährlich sind. Gazprom, Google, Blackrock, USA, China und Russland: Konzerne und Staaten mit übergroßer Marktmacht greifen tief in unser Leben ein. Der Monopolismus mit seiner Herrschaft über Rohstoffe und Kapital, Energie, Nahrungsmittel und Daten droht den Wettbewerb abzuschaffen. Die Folgen sind weniger Innovation, höhere Preise, aber vor allem wirtschaftliche und politische Abhängigkeiten.

Hebert Spencer coined the famous expression “survival of the fittest”. Spencer’s theory inspired Andrew Carnegie and William Graham Sumner's visions of unbridled and unrepentant capitalism of the United States in late 19th century. Carnegie interpreted Spencer's social theory as justifying merciless economic competition. Spencer's reputation was not recovered for many years from the interpretative caricatures of many scholars, thus marginalizing him to the hinterlands of intellectual history. Fortunately, recent scholarship has begun restoring and repairing his legacy.