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Brought to you by Penguin. This Penguin Classic is performed by Rory Alexander. René Descartes was a central figure in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. In his Discourse on Method he outlined the contrast between mathematics and experimental sciences, and the extent to which...

Mill's book Utilitarianism first appeared as a series of three articles published in Fraser's Magazine in 1861 and was reprinted as a single book in 1863. John Stuart Mill was brought up as a Benthamite with the explicit intention that he would carry on the cause of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a family of consequentialist ethical theories that promotes actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the majority of a population. Although different varieties of utilitarianism admit different characterizations, the basic idea behind all of them is to in some sense maximize utility.

Was ist Raum? Was ist Zeit? Was die Bedingungen der Möglichkeit von Erfahrung und Wissenschaft? Diese Fragen beschäftigen Philosophen seit jeher. Im ersten Teil seiner bahnbrechenden Kritik der reinen Vernunft, der von ihm sogenannten "Transzendentalen Ästhetik", gibt Immanuel Kant auf diese zwei Fragen Antworten, die die Diskussion darüber auf ein bis dahin noch nicht erreichtes Niveau hoben und die Philosophie im engeren Sinne wie auch den sich bereits zu seiner Zeit mehr und mehr verzweigenden modernen Wissenschaften ein neues erkenntnistheoretisches Fundament gaben.

One of Nietzsche’s earliest works, The Birth of Tragedy (1872) is a remarkable source of inspiration. It is here that the philosopher expresses his frustration with the contemporary world and urges man to embrace Dionysian energy once more. He refutes European culture since the time of Socrates, arguing that it is one-sidedly Apollonian and prevents man from living in optimistic harmony with the sufferings of life.

Brought to you by Penguin. The Enlightenment is one of the formative periods of Western history, yet more than 300 years after it began, it remains controversial. It is often seen as the fountainhead of modern values such as human rights, religious toleration, freedom of thought, scientific...

Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men by the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau was originally written for an essay competition run by the Dijon Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1754. The question was, "What is the origin of inequality among men, and is it authorized by the natural law?" Rousseau's text is divided into four main parts: a dedication, preface, an extended inquiry into the nature of the individual, and another inquiry into the evolution of the human species within society.

Vividly written, The Infidel and the Professor is a compelling account of a great friendship of two towering Enlightenment thinkers that had great consequences for modern thought. David Hume is widely regarded as the most important philosopher ever to write in English, but during his lifetime, he was attacked as "the Great Infidel" for his skeptical religious views and deemed unfit to teach the young. In contrast, Adam Smith was a revered professor of moral philosophy and is now often hailed as the founding father of capitalism.

“[A] fascinating and accessible account . . . In his entertaining book, Mr. Eilenberger shows that his magicians’ thoughts are still worth collecting, even if, with hindsight, we can see that some performed too many intellectual conjuring tricks.” —Wall Street Journal A grand narrative...

Charles Sanders Peirce gave the modern world a word — pragmatism — and lived to watch it stolen. What returned to him under that name was looser, friendlier, more obliging than the careful method he had built. So in 1905 he invented an uglier word, pragmaticism, ugly enough, he hoped, that no one would want to kidnap it. The new word changed nothing. The hijacking was complete.

MAIGA – I in the Heart is a thought-provoking nonfiction exploration of democracy, identity, trust, polarization, and the growing internal fractures shaping modern America and its global image. At the center of the book stands the “I” the individual representing integrity, inclusion, freedom of speech, human dignity, respect for the rule of law, democratic balance, education, and the moral conscience at the heart of society.

This book is a philosophical inquiry into modern power—an examination not of what power does, but of how it appears. It begins from a simple, unsettling intuition: that in our time, the essence of power no longer lies in command, action, or consequence, but in spectacle—in the artful display of its own image. Drawing on the insights of Guy Debord and the Situationist International, I follow the transformation of authority from substance to surface. Once, power ruled through acts—laws, decrees, and the visible machinery of enforcement.

What does it mean to lead a meaningful life in the modern age? Across history, philosopher kings were imagined as rulers of rare insight—those who governed not by force, but by wisdom. Today, the crowns are invisible, but the influence remains. This book examines five of the most impactful modern thinkers shaping minds and lives outside the halls of academia: Tim Ferriss–David Goggins–Andrew Tate– Jordan Peterson–Ray Dalio.

This audiobook is narrated by an AI Voice. What if the atoms inside your body had lived a thousand lives before you? The Eternal Traveler tells the extraordinary story of a single carbon atom on a journey spanning billions of years. Born in the heart of a dying star, it drifts through space...

Qui étaient vraiment les sophistes, ces maîtres de parole capables d'enthousiasmer la jeunesse athénienne et d'inquiéter Socrate, Platon ou Aristote ? Cet ouvrage clair et vivant dévoile l'univers de Protagoras, Gorgias, Hippias et Prodicos : leurs idées, leur influence et les débats décisifs qu'ils ont ouverts sur la vérité, la justice, la démocratie ou le pouvoir du langage. Entre relativisme, scepticisme et invention d'une nouvelle éthique, les sophistes ont posé les bases d'une pensée lucide et pragmatique, dont les échos résonnent encore aujourd'hui.

Philosophe discret menant une vie d'une régularité quasi légendaire, Emmanuel Kant n'en demeure pas moins l'un des penseurs les plus audacieux et les plus décisifs de l'histoire de la philosophie. En interrogeant radicalement les limites de la connaissance, les fondements de la morale et le sens de l'espérance humaine, il a bouleversé notre façon de penser et ouvert une voie nouvelle à l'autonomie intellectuelle. Cet ouvrage clair et accessible offre une introduction lumineuse à son œuvre.

The year is 1949. Theodor Adorno returns from New York to bombed-out Frankfurt, tasked with finding enlightenment from within ruin. Susan Sontag is reborn in San Francisco. Michel Foucault attempts suicide, again, in Paris. Paul Feyerabend, crippled by a war wound, recircles his native Vienna...

On the twenty-eighth of February, two thousand and twenty-six, an artificial intelligence system helped designate a girls' elementary school in the southern Iranian town of Minab as a military target. One hundred and sixty-eight people died, most of them schoolchildren. The system was working as designed. That is the problem. This book argues that the danger of artificial intelligence has been catastrophically misdiagnosed.

You can argue about God forever, and not change your mind. Believers and non-believers often talk at cross purposes, both failing to grasp what is really going on when we argue about God. So where do we go when the facts run out? Philosophy. Braiding the thought of the Stoics, Spinoza, Kant and other leading philosophers together with meditations on religious experience, Christopher Insole takes us beyond the limits of reason to a place where we might find empathy and reverence for all of our fellow persons, each in the struggle to live a meaningful life.

Reflections of an Ordinary American in Extraordinary Times is a compelling and thought-provoking exploration of America’s journey through history, culture, and modern-day challenges. Blending personal insight with historical and philosophical reflection, the book examines how society has evolved and what may have been lost along the way. It encourages readers to question the systems that shape everyday life, from education and governance to community and human connection.

To define 'progress' is to lay claim to the future. Seminal thinker Slavoj Žižek turns essayist to interrogate the competing visions which form the horizons of human possibility and ask: Can things, which have never seemed worse, get better? What would a better world be? And how, when we are...