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This addition to Oxford's Very Short Introductions series traces how Americans have addressed the issues and events of their time and place, whether it is the Civil War, the Great Depression, or the culture wars of today.

One of Nietzsche’s earliest works, The Birth of Tragedy (1872) is a remarkable source of inspiration. It is here that the philosopher expresses his frustration with the contemporary world and urges man to embrace Dionysian energy once more. He refutes European culture since the time of Socrates, arguing that it is one-sidedly Apollonian and prevents man from living in optimistic harmony with the sufferings of life.

Brought to you by Penguin. The Enlightenment is one of the formative periods of Western history, yet more than 300 years after it began, it remains controversial. It is often seen as the fountainhead of modern values such as human rights, religious toleration, freedom of thought, scientific...

Perhaps one of the most revolutionary works of philosophy ever presented, The Phenomenology of Spirit is Hegel's 1807 work that is in numerous ways extraordinary. A myriad of topics are discussed, and explained in such a harmoniously complex way that the method has been termed Hegelian dialectic. Ultimately, the work as a whole is a remarkable study of the mind's growth from its direct awareness to scientific philosophy, proving to be a difficult yet highly influential and enduring work.

You didn’t ask to be born. But here you are. Awake, alive, and trying to make sense of a body that breaks, a brain that spirals, and a world that doesn’t know what to do with either. The Human Condition isn't self-help or philosophy. It’s a mirror. One that doesn’t flinch. JJ takes you on a journey through what it actually means to be human. Not the polished version, but the real thing: hunger, shame, love, pain, identity, grief, desire, numbness, meaning, and death. This isn’t about fixing yourself. It’s about finally understanding the machine you’ve been living inside your whole life.

Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) is now generally recognized as one of the most influential thinkers of the last century. This Very Short Introduction explores his extraordinary life and thought. His complex system of criticism is difficult for many, but it is coherent in its combination of a Judaic theological perspective with cultural Marxism. Benjamin's distinctive approach considered literary criticism, visual media, and the impact of cosmopolitanism. This innovative messianic understanding of history would go on to inspire countless critics and even entire schools of academia.

T. W. Adorno (1903-1969) was a German philosopher and social and cultural theorist. His work has come to be seen as increasingly relevant to understanding the pathologies of contemporary society evident in today's climate emergency, the financial crash, the reappearance of fascism in many countries, and the growing instability of the world order. This Very Short Introduction covers Adorno's work and life, explaining his key philosophical concepts and the philosophical background and historical context of Adorno's thinking.

Have you heard that language is violence and that science is sexist? Have you read that certain people shouldn't practice yoga? Or been told that being obese is healthy, that there is no such thing as biological sex, or that only White people can be racist? Are you confused by these ideas, and do you wonder how they have managed to challenge the logic of Western society? In this probing volume, Helen Pluckrose and James Lindsay document the evolution of the dogma that informs these ideas, from its coarse origins in French postmodernism to its refinement within activist academic fields.

Paris, near the turn of 1933. Three young friends meet over apricot cocktails at the Bec-de-Gaz bar on the rue Montparnasse. They are Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and their friend Raymond Aron, who opens their eyes to a radical new way of thinking. Pointing to his drink, he says, 'You can make philosophy out of this cocktail!'

“[A] fascinating and accessible account . . . In his entertaining book, Mr. Eilenberger shows that his magicians’ thoughts are still worth collecting, even if, with hindsight, we can see that some performed too many intellectual conjuring tricks.” —Wall Street Journal A grand narrative...

A reflection on everyday existence in the ‘sphere of consumption of late Capitalism’, this work is Adorno’s literary and philosophical masterpiece. Built from aphorisms and reflections, he shifts in register from personal experience to the most general theoretical problems.

The Limit of Complexity is a philosophical investigation into one of the defining conditions of the contemporary world: the moment when complexity, once a source of power and progress, begins to turn against the systems that generate it. Moving across natural systems, economics, technology, politics, ethics, and human cognition, Boris Kriger examines how accumulation, interconnection, and scale quietly transform coherence into fragility. This book does not oppose complexity, nor does it idealize simplicity.

Lester explores the ethical and existential challenges posed by exponentially advancing technologies—namely robotics and artificial intelligence. He warns of how advanced robotics—particularly androids—could replace all human labor, unravel the family unit, and challenge the fundamental human needs for meaning and purpose. He analyzes the potential rise of technocratic oligarchy, where the few control the many through increasingly disruptive technologies threatening political order, the erosion of rights, and social stability.

Artificial intelligence is no longer a distant dream or speculative fiction--it's here, shaping how we work, learn, love, and even understand ourselves. But as machines become more capable, what becomes of the humans who built them? In this book, Dr. Joe Chapa explores one of the most urgent and fascinating questions of our time: How can AI help us to understand our humanity?

Discourse on the Method: This work opens the door to modern philosophy. Descartes questions whether knowledge can rest on the senses, because they can mislead us. To get closer to the truth, we must first doubt what we take for granted. From there comes his central idea: if we doubt, it’s because we think—and thinking confirms that we exist. That certainty—reason as the basis of our existence—reshaped the methods and ways of thinking we still use today. A key book by one of the most influential minds in history.

This audiobook consists of two parts: Classical German Philosophy and 19th and Early 20th Century Philosophy. Embark on a captivating journey through centuries of profound ideas and groundbreaking thinkers who challenged society, reshaped history, and transformed our understanding of life. In this vivid exploration, philosophy becomes more than abstract theory—it’s an inspiring tale of courage, discovery, and the relentless pursuit of meaning.

Ask better questions. Find deeper answers. Live with wisdom. When life feels uncertain or complex, philosophy offers more than theory — it offers tools for living well. Think Like a Philosopher helps you use timeless wisdom to understand yourself, make better decisions, and navigate modern challenges with clarity and calm. By combining ancient insights with practical reflection, this book turns deep thinking into everyday strength.

Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) formulierte 1784 im Essay Was ist Aufklärung? eine der berühmtesten Definitionen der Epoche: „Aufklärung ist der Ausgang des Menschen aus seiner selbst verschuldeten Unmündigkeit." Mit klarer Sprache fordert er Eigenverantwortung, Vernunftgebrauch – und eine freie Gesellschaft, die kritisches Denken zulässt. Kants Text gilt als Schlüsselwerk der europäischen Aufklärung und ist bis heute aktuell – ein Aufruf zur geistigen Selbstbestimmung.

In a world overloaded with opinions, pressure, and conflict, The Modern Pragmatist offers something refreshingly simple: clear-eyed common sense with a smile. Written in a warm, conversational voice, David M. Reggiani blends humor, lived experience, and everyday wisdom to help listeners navigate life with steadiness, optimism, and practical clarity.

This isn’t a book about managing money — it’s about remembering the parts of yourself success made you forget. It’s about the quiet moment so many women reach when she realizes the life she built looks right, but no longer feels true. Rich Like Her follows four women in transition — each standing at the intersection of power, success, and wealth, asking what it really means to live on her own terms.