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By calling everything into doubt, Descartes laid the foundations of modern philosophy. With the celebrated words "I think therefore I am," his compelling argument swept aside ancient and medieval traditions. He deduced that human beings consist of minds and bodies; that these are totally distinct "substances"; that God exists and that He ensures we can trust the evidence of our senses.

Have you heard that language is violence and that science is sexist? Have you read that certain people shouldn't practice yoga? Or been told that being obese is healthy, that there is no such thing as biological sex, or that only White people can be racist? Are you confused by these ideas, and do you wonder how they have managed to challenge the logic of Western society? In this probing volume, Helen Pluckrose and James Lindsay document the evolution of the dogma that informs these ideas, from its coarse origins in French postmodernism to its refinement within activist academic fields.

Die liebliche Bestie Mensch verliert jedesmal, wie es scheint, die gute Laune, wenn sie gut denkt...

From the 17th to 18th centuries, bold thinkers cast off the authority of ancient traditions and embraced reason as the primary tool for understanding the world. These rationalists, or early modern philosophers, included René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz—visionaries whose answers to profound questions remain relevant today. Early Modern Philosophy: Descartes and the Rationalists covers the key philosophers of this period in 12 fascinating half-hour lectures, presented by award-winning teacher James D. Reid, Professor of Philosophy at Metropolitan State University.

Madness, sexuality, power, knowledge—are these facts of life or simply parts of speech? In a series of works of astonishing brilliance, historian Michel Foucault excavated the hidden assumptions that govern the way we live and the way we think. The Archaeology of Knowledge begins at the level of things aid and moves quickly to illuminate the connections between knowledge, language, and action in a style at once profound and personal. A summing up of Foucault's own methodological assumptions, this book is also a first step toward a genealogy of the way we live now.

Mit "Also sprach Zarathustra" hat Nietzsche ein faszinierendes Hauptwerk geschaffen, einen Meilenstein der Weltliteratur. In drei zentralen Formeln fasst er seine Philosophie zusammen: der Wille zur Macht, die ewige Wiederkehr des Gleichen und der Übermensch. "Gott ist tot."

In 1929, Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) published his remarkable book Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. The Kantbuch, as Heidegger often called it, is regarded by many as a vital supplement to the unfinished second part of Heidegger’s most influential work, Being and Time, which was published...

In this final part to Schopenhauer's momentous and hugely influential work, his original and wide-ranging observations are as lively as ever. Though cast as a 'pessimist' by history, he is anything but that to read - and listen to. Here are the last supplementary comments his original work...

In fünf Vorträgen und ausführlichen Gesprächen begründet Viktor E. Frankl seinen wissenschaftlich-therapeutischen Ansatz. Wir leiden vielfach an einem existenziellen Vakuum, das die innere Leere und Sinnlosigkeit massiv werden lässt. Dafür sind zwei Gründe maßgeblich: der Instinkt- und der Traditionsverlust. Weil der Mensch nichts mehr muss und nichts mehr soll, weiß er nicht mehr, was er will. Das Sinnlosigkeitsgefühl schafft noogene Neurosen, Heilung erreicht man nur durch Sinnverwirklichung. Nietzsche hat dies so formuliert: Wer ein Warum zum Leben hat, erträgt jedes Wie.

Más Allá del Bien y del Mal representa una de las páginas más interesantes y vitales de la filosofía axiológica. Los libros de Nietzsche no son únicamente teoría; son, ante todo, un llamado a la acción, al acrecentamiento de nuestra voluntad. Sus palabras deben atenderse muy pronto porque vivimos en una época dominada por el servilismo, la ceguera y el menosprecio de nosotros mismos.

Also sprach Zarathustra was conceived and written by Friedrich Nietzsche during the years 1881-1885; the first three Parts were published in 1883 and 1884. The book formed part of his "campaign against morality", in which Nietzsche explored the ethical consequences of the "death of God".

This famous treatise began as a letter to a young French friend who asked Edmund Burke’s opinion on whether France’s new ruling class would succeed in creating a better order. Doubtless the friend expected a favorable reply, but Burke was suspicious of certain tendencies of the Revolution from the start and perceived that the revolutionaries were actually subverting the true "social order". Blending history with principle and graceful imagery with profound practical maxims, this book is one of the most influential political treatises in the history of the world.

In Thus Spoke Zarathustra , the philosopher-prophet Zarathustra descends from his mountain solitude to challenge everything humanity thinks it knows about truth, morality, religion, and purpose. Through poetic speeches, parables, and sharp philosophical provocations, he introduces radical ideas that shake modern thought. Part philosophical manifesto, part mystical epic, and part psychological exploration, this revolutionary work pushes listeners to confront a question that still feels urgent today: If old beliefs no longer guide us, what should we become?

Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason is a core text of modern philosophy. Presenting an examination of the nature of human reason, its central argument is that the way in which man perceives his environment is a direct consequence of the mind’s ability to act on this environment and convert it into something meaningful. The work brings together two opposing schools of philosophy—rationalism and empiricism—and proposes a third way, which came to be known as transcendental idealism. The work proved to be hugely influential, not least on Marx, Heidegger and Nietzsche.

What if you are living by beliefs you have never questioned—and those beliefs are shaping your entire understanding of reality? For centuries, philosophers have challenged assumptions, questioned accepted truths, and developed new ways of understanding the world. Comprehensive Insights into Philosophy’s Masters takes you on a structured journey through this intellectual history, exploring the thinkers, ideas, and methods that have shaped Western philosophical thought.

The Greatest Minds Who Walked is a profound meditation on movement, meaning, and the human soul. From Aristotle’s peripatetic strolls through the Lyceum to Thoreau’s wanderings at Walden Pond, from Nietzsche’s Alpine ascents to Gandhi’s march for justice, George Le Savant traces the footsteps of thinkers, saints, poets, and scientists who found revelation through rhythm. In luminous prose, Le Savant explores how walking became philosophy in motion—a practice of clarity, humility, and freedom.

استكشف أعظم الأسئلة حول معنى الوجود والأخلاق في رحلة فكرية هادئة عبر تاريخ الفلسفة. سواء كنت تستمع أثناء تنقلك اليومي أو تبحث عن المعنى في لحظات التأمل، يقدم لك...

Whether you're a student, researcher, or curious listener, this reference offers a deep yet practical understanding of one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century. Perfect for those seeking clarity on Wittgenstein’s complex ideas, Wittgenstein Dictionary is your go-to resource for philosophical exploration

Ecce homo, "behold the man", are the words Friedrich Nietzsche chose as the title for his literary self-portrait. A main purpose of the book was to offer Nietzsche's own perspective on his work as a philosopher and human being. Ecce Homo also forcefully repudiates those interpretations of his previous works purporting to find support there for imperialism, anti-Semitism, militarism, and Social Darwinism.

Often considered the foundation of political liberalism, John Locke's Two Treatises of Government was first published anonymously in 1689, in the wake of England's Glorious Revolution. In The First Treatise of Government, Locke refutes the idea of divine monarchy, while The Second Treatise of Government articulates Locke's philosophy of government, which he based upon his theories of natural rights and the social contract.