検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

In a letter of 1932, Karl Popper described Die beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntnistheorie–The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge–as ‘…a child of crises, above all of …the crisis of physics.' The two fundamental problems of knowledge that lie at the center of the book are the problem of induction, that although we are able to observe only a limited number of particular events, science nevertheless advances unrestricted universal statements; and the problem of demarcation, which asks for a separating line between empirical science and non-science.

Throughout history philosophers have sought to define, understand, and delineate concepts important to human well-being. One such concept is "knowledge." Many philosophers believed that absolute, certain knowledge, is possible—that the physical world and ideas formulated about it could be given solid foundation unaffected by the varieties of mere opinion.

Par une analyse logique minutieuse, Orobio expose les contradictions dans la philosophie matérialiste de Jan Bredenburg, affirmant que Spinoza et ses contemporains promeuvent un nouvel athéisme panthéiste, remplaçant Dieu par la "Nature" et ignorant les fondements de la logique, de la grammaire, de la métaphysique et de l'ontologie.

In closely reported stories from the streets of New York to the seats of intellectual power, MacDonald shows how bad ideas get started and then acquire a life of their own. Her reports trace the transformation of influential opinion-makers and large philanthropic foundations from confident advocates of individual responsibility, opportunity, and learning into apologists for the welfare state.

Le bon sens est la chose au monde la mieux partagée, car chacun pense en être si bien pourvu que ceux même qui sont les plus difficiles à contenter en toute chose, n'ont point coutume d'en désirer plus qu'ils en ont.

Isaac Orobio defiende la convergencia de la ciencia y la religión, argumentando que ambas pueden coexistir con verdades simultáneas y lógicas que permiten comprender la existencia de un ser necesario y la creación a partir de infinitas posibilidades. La obra de Orobio es esencial para quienes buscan entender la interacción entre razón, fe y existencia, siendo una lectura indispensable para filósofos, teólogos y cualquier persona interesada en los fundamentos clásicos de la fe en relación con la razón.

In the second edition of this witty and infectious book, Madsen Pirie builds upon his guide to using - and indeed abusing - logic in order to win arguments. By including new chapters on how to win arguments in writing, in the pub, with a friend, on Facebook and in 140 characters (on Twitter), Pirie provides the complete guide to triumphing in altercations ranging from the everyday to the downright serious.

Outsmart Every Argument: Learn to Spot Flaws in Thinking with Ease. Made to bring each fallacy to life, this audiobook makes even the trickiest concepts easy to understand and impossible to forget. Ever feel trapped in an argument, knowing something’s off but not having the words to explain why? Tired of losing debates or falling for smooth-talking nonsense? This audiobook is your ultimate solution.

يهتم هذا الكتاب بموضوع (الحجج والمغالطات)، ففي كتابه "فن أن تكون دائماً على صواب" يقف آرثور شبنهاور على نماذج من الحيل التي يتم الاستناد اليها عندما تتنازع الأطراف المتحاجة وضماً معيناً. فقد يسعى كل طرف أو أحدهما الى النيل من خصمه باعتماد مختلف الوسائل المتعلقة بالأقوال والأحوال.

Discover the profound wisdom of the ancient Stoics in this essential collection of their most enduring works. The Timeless Stoicism Collection brings together five cornerstone texts that have inspired countless readers and listeners to cultivate inner strength, resilience, and clarity in the face of life’s challenges.

Discover the ancient wisdom that remains as relevant today as it was two millennia ago in On the Shortness of Life by Lucius Annaeus Seneca. This Stoic masterpiece is a powerful guide to reclaiming your time and living a life of purpose. Seneca’s profound insights challenge you to break free from distractions, prioritize what truly matters, and make every moment count.

This extraordinarily wide-ranging work represents a new departure for contemporary literary theory. Author of Beginnings and the controversial Orientalism, Edward Said demonstrates that modern critical discourse has been impressively strengthened by the writings of Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault, for example, and by such influences as Marxism, structuralism, linguistics, and psychoanalysis.

Do you struggle with decision-making, fall into mental traps, or wish you could analyze information more effectively? The world is filled with misinformation, biases, and flawed reasoning—but what if you could cut through the noise and think with absolute clarity? "Critical Thinking, Logic & Problem Solving" is your all-in-one system to develop sharper reasoning, master logic, and approach complex problems confidently.

Le constat est implacable : l’être humain est un sujet parlant... et qui parle beaucoup ! Nombreux sont ceux et celles qui se sentent obligés de discourir, de causer, de deviser, mus par une impulsion, celle de rompre un silence parfois suspect, souvent gênant. La pratique philosophique vise à réconcilier les individus avec leur propre discours, discours qu’ils déprécient fréquemment, voire dénigrent. Comprendre à quoi sert notre parole pour mieux en user et trouver une langue juste pour dire qui nous sommes : voici les enjeux de cet ouvrage qui parlera, très certainement, à beaucoup !

Math is famous for its equations: 1 + 1 = 2, a^2 + b^2 = c^2, or y = mx + b. Much of the time it can seem like that’s all mathematics is: following steps to show that what’s on one side of an equation is the same as what’s on the other. In Unequal, Eugenia Cheng shows that’s just part of the story, and the boring part to boot. It isn’t even just about numbers and symbols at all, but a world of shapes, symmetries, logical ideas, and more.

Exploration of Philosophical ideas and systems. Phenomenology and other topics are covered in this collection of articles. Discussion of Kantian Philosophy; dealing with the categorical imperative, Karl Popper's: Collective Intentionality, as well as theories of David Hume on ideas and imagery and John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism.

In today's complex business environment, the ability to solve problems systematically and make strategic decisions effectively is more crucial than ever. This comprehensive guide presents a proven seven-step framework that breaks down the science of problem-solving into practical, actionable steps.

Linguist and writer Lorna Gibb will explore the history of these languages, the cultures they belong to, the tales they tell, while offering a glimpse into what we can learn from each of them. From Australia to Finland, from India to the Canary Islands, from Namibia to the United States, from Scotland to Paraguay, the book will guide the reader through contrasting stories of languages under threat and languages in resurgence.

Mortimer Adler stood on the metaphysical and moral teachings of Aristotle and Saint Thomas Aquinas to convey to his readers an understanding of the nature of Aristotle’s rhetoric as an essential means for conveying to readers of his time and to posterity a specific understanding of philosophy as an essential humanistic educational tool that might, someday, be able to issue in global peace!

Drei philosophische Grundlagenwerke Nietzsches in einer Box: 1. "Über Wahrheit und Lüge im außenmoralischen Sinn": In diesem Essay behandelt Nietzsche die Entstehung und Bedeutung von Sprache. 2. "Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik": Hier legt Nietzsche den Grundstein seiner kulturphilosophischen Gedankenwelt. 3. "Also sprach Zarathustra": Das dichterisch-philosophische Hauptwerk Nietzsches, in dem er die Ideen des "Übermenschen" und des "Willen zur Macht" zum ersten Mal ins Spiel bringt.