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The Sumerians were the people from Sumer, the first recognized society in the historic area of southern Mesopotamia (now southern Iraq), developed throughout the 6th and 5th centuries BC throughout the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages. In addition to age-old Egypt, the Caral-Supe culture, the Indus Valley civilization, the Minoan civilization, and age-old China, it is also one of the world's early civilizations. Sumerian farmers who lived along the Tigris and Euphrates valleys grew a great deal of grain and other items.

On 8 June AD218, a fourteen-year-old Syrian boy, egged on by his grandmother, led an army to battle in a Roman civil war. Against all expectations, he was victorious. Varius Avitus Bassianus, known to the modern world as Heliogabalus, was proclaimed emperor. The next four years were to be the strangest in the history of the empire. Heliogabalus humiliated the prestigious Senators and threw extravagant dinner parties for lower-class friends. He ousted Jupiter from his summit among the gods and replaced him with Elagabal.

More nations have vanished from this Earth than exist today. It is hard to imagine that Scotland or India will one day not exist, yet history is the graveyard of nations. This is the story of one such country, because like a once mighty ship who has sunk into the ocean of history, its wreckage and remains are meager. It is the story of a Kingdom called Alt Clut that existed for 600, perhaps 700 years, and is now almost unheard of. The story of Alt Clut only survives in archaeological finds, linguistic whispers, the chronicles of its neighbors and enemies, poetry, and legends.

Dalle origini del piccolo villaggio ai primi conflitti in politica estera, alla crisi della repubblica, alla nascita dello stato imperiale, ai suoi problemi organizzativi, economici, sociali e religiosi, per giungere sino ai tentativi di riforma della tarda antichità, l'audiolibro traccia in maniera sintetica le linee fondamentali della storia di Roma. Sono poi affrontati i temi relativi alla cristianizzazione, alle migrazioni dei popoli, al crollo dell'impero in Occidente e ai tentativi di restaurazione in Oriente. Infine viene gettato uno sguardo sulla perdurante eredità di Roma.

Diocleziano, che pure si ritiene aver posto fine con le sue riforme alla crisi del III secolo, è una figura di cui si sa relativamente poco. Le sue origini oscure, il suo ruolo nell'ultima grande persecuzione del cristianesimo, le sue dimissioni dalla carica imperiale nel 305, con la conseguente instabilità politica che portò, dieci anni dopo, al trionfo di Costantino: il libro traccia una sintetica biografia di Diocleziano mettendone in luce il progetto politico nel contesto della storia imperiale romana e illustrando i relativi problemi storiografici.

Dankzij goed generaalschap, een solide leger en een flinke dosis geluk wist de Macedonische koning Alexander de Grote tussen 334 en 323 v.Chr. het oppermachtige Perzische Rijk te onderwerpen. Hierdoor kon de Griekse cultuur zich verspreiden naar Egypte, Babylonië, Iran, Centraal-Azië en de vallei van de Indus. Jona Lendering laat zien hoe het Perzische Rijk in conflict raakt met Macedonië. Vervolgens behandelt hij Alexanders troonbestijging, de consolidatie van zijn macht in Europa en de inval in Azië.

Thanks to ancient Greece, we know more about philosophy, politics, the democratic system, mythology, art, the Olympics, and many, many lingual references imbedded in almost every European language. Ancient Greece has had a significant impact on many concepts we still hold true today.

Nuclear War BEFORE recounts an ancient description of what was undoubtedly a nuclear war in India thousands of years ago, and was referenced in our era by J. Robert Oppenheimer the moment we detonated our first atomic bomb in 1945.

When we think of Ancient Egypt, we picture movies with mazes, pyramids, traps, mummies, and symbols. And although some of these things were definitely part of it, there is so much more to this ancient civilization. Ancient Egypt was a North African society that grew in the lower banks of the Nile River, in what's now the nation of Egypt. Let’s explore some of the most important features of that society today, and try to grasp what transpired in the culture, the thoughts, the problems, and the development of the Egyptian region more than 5,000 years ago.

Religion in Human Evolution is a work of extraordinary ambition—a wide-ranging, nuanced probing of our biological past to discover the kinds of lives that human beings have most often imagined were worth living. It offers what is frequently seen as a forbidden theory of the origin of religion that goes deep into evolution, especially but not exclusively cultural evolution.

Als Gemeinschaft von Ausgestoßenen beschreiben die Römer rückblickend ihren Urzustand. Da ist interessant, wie schnell diese vermeintlichen Outlaws dazu übergingen, Bündnisse zu schmieden. Wie sie aus Bündnispartnern Vasallen machten. Dass andere Stämme ebenfalls nach der Macht griffen, war nur praktisch. So gab es stetig Druck von außen, der Verteidigung erforderte.

The reign of Hammurabi is a convenient point at which to observe general changes in and later introductions to the pantheon of the Sumerian gods. The political alterations in the kingdom were reflected in the sacred circle. Certain gods were relegated to the cold shades of obscurity, while new deities were adopted and others, hitherto regarded as negligible quantities, were exalted to the heights of heavenly omnipotence. The worship of Merodach first came into prominence in the days of Hammurabi.

The name of Sargon of Agade, or Akkad, bulks mainly in later Mesopoatmian tradition, and modern writers have regarded his reign as marking the most critical epoch in the ancient history of his country. The reference in the text of Nabonidus to the age of Naram-Sin has caused the Dynasty of Akkad to be taken as the canon, or standard, by which to measure the relative age of other dynasties or of rulers whose inscriptions have from time to time been recovered upon various early Mesopotamian sites.

The objects found in the graves of the predynastic Egyptians, i.e., vessels of food, flint knives, and other weapons, etc., prove that these early dwellers in the Nile Valley believed in some kind of a future existence. However, as the art of writing was unknown to them, their graves contain no inscriptions, and we can only infer from texts of the dynastic period what their ideas about the other world were.

The Persian Empire was the world's first hyperpower, with territory stretching from Central Asia to Northeastern Africa and from Southeastern Europe to the Indus Valley. It was the dominant geopolitical force from the later sixth century to its conquest by Alexander in the 330s BCE. Much of the empire's territory was conquered by its founder, Cyrus the Great, who reigned from 559-530 BCE.

Guden for kaos og uorden, Seth, rev i jalousi liget af sin bror Osiris i 14 stykker og spredte dem over hele Egypten. Gudinden Isis fandt alle stykkerne, balsamerede liget og rullede det ind i linned. Herved skabte hun ifølge egypternes mytologi verdens første mumie. Skikken med at balsamere de døde, så kroppen blev bevaret til efterlivet, var udbredt i oldtidens Egypten, og de mange mumier af både mennesker og dyr har fascineret eftertiden. I perioder har pulveriseret mumie oven i købet været anvendt som medicin mod alskens dårligdomme.

The Hittites were mentioned in the Bible. They were an Anatolian people that contributed to creating a kingdom in Kussara before 1750 BC, the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom between 1750 and 1650 BC, and finally an empire based upon Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1650 BC. Under uppiluliuma I, the empire reached its peak in the mid-14th century BC, when it ruled over much of Anatolia and areas of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia.

The Anglo-Saxon period, stretching from the fifth to the late eleventh century, begins with the Roman retreat from the Western world and ends with the Norman takeover of England. Between these epochal events, many of the contours and patterns of English life that would endure for the next millennium were shaped. In this authoritative work, N. J. Higham and M. J. Ryan reexamine Anglo-Saxon England in the light of new research in disciplines as wide ranging as historical genetics, paleobotany, archaeology, literary studies, art history, and numismatics.

One of BBC Radio's flagship programmes, In Our Time is both highly acclaimed and immensely popular. First broadcast in 1998, it has built an audience of over 2 million listeners, who tune in each week to be enlightened and entertained by Melvyn Bragg and his expert panel as they tackle subjects ranging from macromolecules to the Muses. This special themed collection comprises the highlights of military history: 25 episodes exploring the most important conflicts of the past 3000 years, plus additional programmes discussing the history and future of war and key military themes.

In Our Time is one of BBC Radio's most successful and best-loved programmes, with a weekly listenership of over two million. Since 1998, it has 'transformed the landscape for serious ideas at peak listening time' (The Times), introducing its audience to an astonishing array of intriguing topics, from the epic of Gilgamesh to the gin craze. This special thematic collection focusses on some of the most important rulers, philosophers and writers of ancient Greece, Rome and Egypt.