検索キーワード： "Leo Tolstoy" 心理学

One winter evening a shoemaker finds a mysterious stranger naked and freezing by a shrine in his small village. The shoemaker rescues the man, and takes him home. Though the stranger won’t say where he came from, Simon invites him to work beside him, and stay with his family. As the story unfolds, the stranger transforms, and ultimately reveals an astonishing and deeply moving secret. Late in Tolstoy’s life, after he had written his great masterpieces War and Peace, and Anna Karenina, he underwent a spiritual transformation.

The brilliance of this story is in how a normal bureaucrat, a judge in this case, has a small accident that winds up gradually taking his life. As he deals with this incident, with hope at first and then despair, he comes to terms with his family, his life, and the mediocrities that we all suffer with, except for the exceptional few. This story rings a particularly poignant note for those in early middle age facing the next part of their lives. This story is considered Tolstoy's best.

The novella The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy was published in 1886 and is considered a masterpiece of his late-period fiction. It tells the story of a high-court judge in 19th-century Russia. He lives a simple, carefree life with his family until he is diagnosed with a terminal illness. Confined to bed, he is disgusted that his family avoids the subject of his death by pretending that he is only sick and not dying. He finds comfort only in Gerasim, the peasant boy who does not fear death.

When Prince Dmitri Nekhludov is called for jury duty on a murder case, he little knows how the experience will change his life. Faced with the accused, a prostitute, he recognizes Katusha, the young girl he seduced and abandoned many years before, and realizes his responsibility for the life of degradation she has been forced to lead. His determination to make amends leads him into the darkest reaches of the Tsarist prison system, and to the beginning of his spiritual regeneration.

One of Tolstoy’s most important shorter works, The Kreutzer Sonata presents a problematic view of the relationship between the sexes and promotes abstinence as the solution. Pozdnyshev jealously observes the intimacy that emerges between his wife and a violin player. Haunted by The Kreutzer Sonata, over which they bonded, it plays round and round in Pozdnyshev’s head driving him to distraction and to an unquenchable rage.

After a year of marriage, Eugene Irtenev's wife, Liza, employs two peasant women. One of them is Stepanida, with whom Eugene had a passionate relationship prior to meeting Liza. Eugene notices Stepanida dancing, and their glances rekindle his desire. Tormented by lust, he thinks of resuming relations with her, but realizes that the affair would cause too much of a scandal.

In the setting of what is present-day Kazakhstan, Tolstoy examines two psychological problems. The first dilemma is that of a young man who desires both fulfilling love and a place as a respected member of society. The other is the difficulty of a primitive society to accept domination by a higher culture that has no understanding of the traditions it asks its colonists to cast aside.

A Prisoner of the Caucasus is an 1872 novella by Leo Tolstoy about two Russian soldiers kidnapped by the enemy for ransom. They were held in custody for some time. They try to escape twice, but one of them succeeds the second time with the help of a local woman.

God Sees the Truth, but Waits (1872) is the story of a man falsely convicted and imprisoned in Siberia for a murder he did not commit. Tolstoy explores themes of forgiveness, faith, and guilt in this narrative, which inspired a novella by Stephen King and the film The Shawshank Redemption.

There is something about the number 3. The Ancient Greeks believed 3 was the perfect number, and in China 3 has always been a lucky number, and they know a thing or two. Whatever history and culture says WE think 3, a hat-trick of stories, is a great number to explore themes and literary avenues that classic authors were so adept at creating.

The colorful Cossack way of life is made alive and real in this historical novel.

Tolstoy's first novel and acknowledged as one of his best, it is based on his own forays into the Caucasus, abandoning his aristocrat life of gambling and carousing in Moscow and volunteering to be attached to the regular army.

The subject of this well-known Tolstoy novella is a high court judge in St. Petersburg who lives a carefree life. One day, without warning, he is beset by pains and soon has to come to terms with the fact that he is going to die. The judge has to learn to face death without fear and yet feel compassion for the family he is leaving behind.

For an atheist it’s a great deal, though it does suggest atheism may have a weak point. For those of faith it’s a matter of jam now and purgatory tomorrow. A bargain many artists feel is something they can live with. For agnostics it’s usually a question of can the afterlife really be that bad, would workplace regulations reach all parts of heaven and hell. However, in this volume the terms are agreed and the Devil pays his fees and the character his dues, each happy to wait a few decades for the eternal payback.

We are all driven by needs, desires, ambitions and many other forces. Life runs as normal with the obligatory ups and downs. In this volume such literary leviathans as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Nikolai Gogol, Edgar Allan Poe, Charlotte Perkins Gilman and many others provide tales from pens that seep with wisdom and worry.

Mental illness though can still carry a stigma. A case of ‘you’re not trying hard enough’, ‘or knuckling down and getting on with it’. But in more recent decades mental issues have come to be recognised as an illness, a disease rather than an affliction. We all remember horror stories of lobotomy’s and electric shock being used to ‘cure’ what society viewed as anti-social behaviour but illness, mental or physical is very real. Depression, schizophrenia, breakdown, psychosis are alarming events to have or to witness.

Tolstois Erzählung aus der Zeit des russisch-tschetschenischen Krieges in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts schildert den Freiheitskampf der kaukasischen Völker gegen den sich ausbreitenden russischen Zarismus. Murat Hadschi wird dabei zum tragischen Helden in einer Welt von rücksichtslosen Offizieren, leibeigenen Bauern sowie in Blutfehde lebenden Kaukasusvölkern. Kunstvoll und modern wechselt Tolstoi dabei zwischen den Perspektiven der Protagonisten.

Piccolo di dimensione, ma grande capolavoro di Tolstoj, la morte di Ivan Ilijc è scritta nel 1886, quando l’autore è tutto permeato dai temi morali e religiosi che accompagnarono i suoi ultimi anni. Il protagonista viene accompagnato passo per passo fino al suo ultimo respiro, e con lui vengono affrontati, vissuti, e compresi i tormenti fisici e morali di chi ha vissuto una vita inconsapevole, seguendo i dettami di una società basata sul denaro e sulle convenzioni.