In this episode, we examine how outward expansion transitioned into long-term rule. We explore the economic drivers behind their state-building.

In this episode, we review how the Frankish defense succeeded under immense pressure. We explore why this event became a symbol of resistance.

In this episode, we follow Charlemagne’s evolution from battlefield leader to imperial ruler. We examine the conflicts that enabled his ascent.

In this episode, we detail the breakthrough that changed world history. We explore why the city’s legendary defenses finally failed.

In this episode, we detail how massive storms tore apart the invasion fleets. We examine why the Mongols were unprepared for such conditions.

In this episode, we explore how fear, reputation, and precision were used as strategic tools. We examine the impact these tactics had on enemy nations.

In this episode, we trace the chain reaction set off by the Greek victory. We examine how preventing Persian dominance preserved Greek political and cultural growth.

In this episode, we walk through the rebellion’s improbable victories. In this episode, we explain how Rome struggled to contain it early on.