Cividale del Friuli is one of Italy's most underrated destinations - a small medieval town in the northeastern region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia that was once the capital of the most powerful Lombard duchy in early medieval Europe, and the town whose Roman name, Forum Iulii, gave the entire Friuli region its name. In this episode, we walk through the compact historic center of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, beginning at the central square named for the 8th-century scholar Paul the Deacon, then exploring the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta and its remarkable Diocesan Museum - home to the Altar of Ratchis and the Baptistery of Callisto, two of the finest examples of Lombard sculpture anywhere in Italy. We follow the cobblestone lanes to the dramatic gorge overlook, cross the legendary Devil's Bridge above the emerald-green Natisone River, descend into the mysterious Celtic Hypogeum carved into the bedrock beneath the town, and finally enter the jewel of the tour - the 8th-century Lombard Temple, the best-preserved example of Lombard architecture and art in all of Europe, with its extraordinary stucco reliefs of six standing saints. Along the way we share the history of the Lombard people, the legend of the Devil's Bridge, the layers of Roman, medieval, and Venetian influence visible in the town's architecture, and the exceptional wines of the surrounding Colli Orientali hills.

For dining, we recommend Al Monastero, a Michelin Bib Gourmand restaurant on Via Ristori serving traditional Friulian cuisine in a historic courtyard setting, and Taverna Longobarda near the bridge for fresh pasta and regional wines. Nearby sites covered include Udine, the elegant regional capital just twenty minutes away; Aquileia, a UNESCO-listed Roman archaeological site with stunning early Christian mosaics; the hilltop Sanctuary of Castelmonte above the village of Prepotto; and the star-shaped Renaissance fortress town of Palmanova, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Florence's most famous hilltop terrace offers one of the great panoramic views in all of Italy - and in this episode of Walking Tour of Italy, we climb the hill to discover the full story of Piazzale Michelangelo and the remarkable man who built it. We trace the path from the medieval Torre di San Niccolo up the sweeping Poggi ramps, through a neighborhood once walked by Galileo, to the broad terrace where a bronze copy of Michelangelo's David stands watch over the entire city. We take in the sweep of the Arno, the cathedral dome, the Ponte Vecchio, and the Tuscan hills beyond, and we explore the history of Florence's brief moment as the capital of a newly unified Italy, the urban renewal project that reshaped the south bank of the Arno, and the architectural vision of Giuseppe Poggi. We also step into the nearby Rose Garden for one of the city's most peaceful panoramic spots, and explore the stories behind the four bronze allegories surrounding the David.

For dining, the episode covers the Osteria Antica Mescita San Niccolo, a neighborhood classic with a medieval crypt for a dining room; La Beppa Fioraia, a garden restaurant known for its Tuscan sharing platters; and Fuori Porta, a wine bar institution beloved by locals since 1987. Nearby sites covered include the Basilica of San Miniato al Monte, the Giardino delle Rose, the Bardini Garden, and the Bardini Museum.

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In this episode of Walking Tour of Italy, we explore St. Mark's Basilica in Venice - one of the most extraordinary religious buildings in the world. Known as the Chiesa d'Oro, or Church of Gold, the basilica has stood at the heart of Venice for nearly a thousand years, its interior sheathed in over eight thousand square meters of Byzantine mosaic and its treasury packed with treasures assembled from across the medieval world. We walk through the golden narthex, stand beneath the soaring central dome, visit the glittering Pala d'Oro altarpiece encrusted with more than two thousand gemstones, and climb to the terrace above the facade for panoramic views of the piazza and lagoon. Along the way, we trace the remarkable story of how the body of Saint Mark the Evangelist was smuggled out of Alexandria in the ninth century, how Venice used its new patron saint to build an identity and an empire, and how the Fourth Crusade filled this church with the treasures of Constantinople.

For dining nearby, we recommend Caffè Florian, one of Europe's oldest cafes right in the square; Bistrot de Venise, a short walk away with traditional Venetian cuisine and a remarkable wine list; Osteria Ae Sconte, a local favorite for seafood risotto in the Castello district; and Trattoria Pizzeria da Mamo for casual Venetian cooking and Neapolitan pizza. Other notable sites nearby include the Doge's Palace with its Bridge of Sighs, the Campanile bell tower, the Clock Tower, and the island church of San Giorgio Maggiore.

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Step onto one of the most extraordinary public spaces in Europe: the Renaissance city walls of Lucca, a 4.2-kilometer loop of ancient brick and earth that has circled this Tuscan city since the 16th century. In this episode, we walk the full circuit of the walls from Porta Santa Maria, exploring how a small republic spent 140 years building the finest fortifications of their age - and never had to use them in battle. Along the way, we uncover the engineering genius behind the massive earthen bastions, hear how the walls saved the city from a catastrophic flood in 1812, and discover how a military installation became the beloved living room of an Italian city.

We also recommend where to eat nearby: Pizzeria da Felice, a century-old institution serving pizza and cecina by weight; Ristorante Mecenate, a traditional Lucchese trattoria with exceptional seasonal cuisine; and Giglio, a Michelin-starred restaurant set in an 18th-century palazzo. For those planning to explore more of the city, we highlight the nearby Torre Guinigi with its rooftop oak garden, the elliptical Piazza dell'Anfiteatro built on the foundations of a Roman arena, and Pisa - just 20 minutes by train - with the famous Leaning Tower and the magnificent Piazza dei Miracoli.

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Step inside one of the most extraordinary natural wonders in the world - the Blue Grotto on the island of Capri. In this episode, we guide you through the entire experience: boarding a small wooden rowboat, lying flat as it slips through a cave entrance barely a meter high, and emerging into a chamber filled with an electric, glowing blue light that seems to come from the water itself. Along the way, we explore the cave's remarkable history - from its use as a private swimming pool and sacred nymphaeum by the Roman emperor Tiberius, who decorated it with marble statues of sea gods still found on the cave floor, to the centuries when local fishermen feared it as haunted by demons, and its dramatic rediscovery in 1826 by German writer August Kopisch, whose writings made it famous across Europe.

We cover the practical side of visiting - why morning is best, how sea conditions control access, and what to expect waiting for the rowboats. For dining, we recommend Il Riccio, a Michelin-starred seafood restaurant perched on the cliffs just above the cave; Ristorante La Zagara, a garden restaurant in Anacapri known for fresh local pasta and fish; and Capri Cakes, a beloved local pastry spot offering the best value on the island. Other sites covered include Villa San Michele, Monte Solaro, and the famous Faraglioni rock formations.

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Step into one of Rome's most layered and storied squares - Piazza della Repubblica - where an ancient Roman bath complex, a Renaissance basilica designed by Michelangelo, and the bold architecture of a newly united Italy converge in one breathtaking space. In this episode of Walking Tour of Italy, we explore the grand semicircular piazza, the provocative Fountain of the Naiads, the awe-inspiring Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri built into the ruins of the Baths of Diocletian, and the remarkable sundial embedded in the basilica's floor. We also share practical tips for visiting, nearby dining recommendations, and the rich human stories woven into every stone.

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Step inside the towering walls of Ferrara's Castello Estense -- a moated medieval fortress that transformed over centuries into one of the most dazzling Renaissance courts in Europe. In this episode of Walking Tour of Italy, we cross the ancient drawbridge and explore the castle from its forbidding dungeons to its frescoed halls, uncovering the dramatic stories of the Este family: forbidden love, betrayal, imprisonment, and splendor. We discover the tragic fate of two star-crossed lovers who died in the castle's dark cells, the remarkable prisoner who saw daylight after 53 years, and the notorious Lucrezia Borgia who presided over a court of poets and artists. We climb the Torre dei Leoni for sweeping views of a UNESCO World Heritage city, stroll through the elevated orange garden, and linger in rooms painted with myths and games. Along the way, we share tips for making the most of your visit and point you toward the best places to eat and explore nearby.

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Step inside one of Florence's oldest and most fascinating churches -- the Basilica di San Lorenzo, the beloved parish church of the Medici family. In this episode of Walking Tour of Italy, we explore the stunning Renaissance architecture of Filippo Brunelleschi, the breathtaking sculptures of Donatello, the legendary Medici Chapels, and the magnificent Laurentian Library designed by Michelangelo. From the piazza's bustling market stalls to the hushed splendor of the Old Sacristy, this is a walk through centuries of art, power, and faith at the very heart of Florence.

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