Vivekachudamani 17 The Subtle Body is an Instrument for the Atman - By Swami Tattwamayananda
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Vivekachudamani 17 The Subtle Body is an Instrument for the Atman - By Swami Tattwamayananda
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In the 98th verse, Shankaracharya defines the subtle body (Sukshma-Sarira). It has eight units (Puri-ashtakam): (1) Five organs of perception (2) Five organs of action (3) Five pranas (4) Five subtle elements (5) Antahkarana – mana, buddhi, chittam, ahamkara (6) Avidya (7) Kama and (8) Karma.
Sukshma-Sarira is transmitted to next life – however, it is also non-eternal. Atman is eternal and it is the light that enables both the subtle and gross body to function. Atman reveals itself and other things.
The 98th verse should be understood in the context of the law of karma and the law of incarnation. At death, even though our senses of perception and action are gone, the tendencies that they created are stored in the Antahkarana (mind, intellect, memory and ego). These stored tendencies in the Antahkarana are never lost. It accompanies the soul when it takes a new body.
The law of karma should not be interpreted as fatalism. We can shape our future by purifying the antahkarana. We can purify the antahkarana by doing unselfish, noble activities, reading of scriptures and through holy associations. Through such actions, the existing storehouse of negative samskaras is nullified with a new storehouse of positive samskaras.
Verses 101 and 102 discuss the three states of awareness.
In the waking state, we identify with the physical (gross) body.
In dream sleep state, our experiences are at the subtle/mental level. There are three differences from waking state: (1) kala bheda, difference with respect to time. (2) desa bheda, difference with respect to space (3) sukshma stula bheda, difference with respect to grossness of waking experiences and subtlety of dream experiences.
When the mind alone is involved in the experience, it is subtle. When mind and body are involved in the experience, it is gross.
Dreams cannot be totally separate or totally identical with waking state experience.
The third state is deep sleep state, where we enjoy complete restfulness. It is different from samadhi. In samadhi, we consciously reject duality. In deep sleep state, the tools to reject duality are benumbed.
Verse 102: The subtle body is an instrument for the Atman. The Atman itself is a witness and remains unaffected. The Atman manifests in its full glory in Buddha, because the subtle body is fully refined and pure.
The gross body is the instrument for the subtle body. The subtle body is the instrument for Atman.
In Vedanta, for anything to be a witness, it has to satisfy two criteria: (1) It has to be aware (2) It cannot be involved. Light reveals everything but remains unaffected. Same is the case with the Sun and the air.
When a light bulb is dirty, only dim light comes through it. However, if it is clean, it emits light in its full effulgence. Spiritual practices act as the cleaning process for the subtle body.
By Shunya, Nagarjuna does not mean nothingness or emptiness. It refers to the inexplicable nature of the highest experience. It cannot be explained. It can only be experienced. At the highest experience, the demarcation between subject and object disappears. You experience yourself as the awareness.