This episode dives into strategies for fine-tuning gigantic AI models without needing massive compute. We explain parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation), which freezes the original model and trains only small adapter weights, and QLoRA, which goes a step further by quantizing model parameters to 4-bit precision. You’ll learn why techniques like these have become essential for customizing large language models on modest hardware, how they preserve full performance, and what recent results (like fine-tuning a 65B model on a single GPU) mean for practitioners.

In this episode, we break down what diffusion models are and why they’ve become the go-to method for AI image generation. You’ll learn how these models gradually add and remove noise to transform random pixels into coherent images, enabling use cases from art creation to image restoration. We also explore recent advances like latent diffusion, which compresses the generation process for efficiency, and discuss how diffusion techniques have achieved state-of-the-art results in text-to-image tasks while remaining flexible for control and guidance.

This episode breaks down what graph neural networks (GNNs) are and why they matter. You’ll learn how GNNs use nodes and edges to represent relationships and how message passing lets models make sense of social, biological, and networked data. We’ll also cover recent advancements like PGNN for multi-modal graphs and common pitfalls like scalability and over-smoothing.

In this episode, we explain what neuro-symbolic AI is and why it matters. You’ll learn how neural networks handle patterns, how symbolic systems handle rules, and how combining the two can help models reason more reliably. We also cover real examples where this approach is already being applied in assistants and robotics, showing how it could make AI systems more trustworthy and useful.

In this episode, we look at how large language models are being used in chip and hardware design. We break down what LLM-aided design actually means, how models can generate HDL code, assist with testbench creation, and even support formal verification. You'll also hear about real-world tools like ChatEDA and how companies are starting to use AI in their silicon development workflows.

This episode explains how embedding models turn language into numerical vectors and how vector databases like Pinecone, FAISS, or Weaviate store and search those vectors efficiently. You'll learn how this system enables GenAI models to retrieve relevant information in real-time, power RAG pipelines, and scale up tool-augmented LLM workflows.

In this episode, we explore agentic AI systems built to not just predict or classify, but to plan, reason, and act autonomously. We break down what makes these models different, how they use tools, memory, and feedback to complete tasks, and why they represent the next step beyond traditional LLMs. You’ll hear how concepts like action loops, world modeling, and autonomous decision-making are shaping everything from research tools to enterprise automation.

This episode unpacks the attention mechanism at the heart of Transformer models. We explain how self-attention helps models weigh different parts of the input, how it scales in multi-head form, and what makes it different from older architectures like RNNs or CNNs. You’ll walk away with an intuitive grasp of key terms like query, key, value, and how attention layers help with context handling in language, vision, and beyond.