『The Last Theory』のカバーアート

The Last Theory

The Last Theory

著者： Mark Jeffery
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 The Last Theory is an easy-to-follow exploration of what might be the last theory of physics. In 2020, Stephen Wolfram launched the Wolfram Physics Project to find the elusive fundamental theory that explains everything. On The Last Theory podcast, I investigate the implications of Wolfram's ideas and dig into the details of how his universe works. Join me for fresh insights into Wolfram Physics every other week.© Kootenay Village Ventures Inc. 2022 物理学 科学
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  • Black holes in the hypergraph with Stephen Wolfram

    Black holes in the hypergraph with Stephen Wolfram
    2025/08/29
    Electrons may be tiny black holes propagating through the hypergraph.After all, electrons and black holes have much in common: they’re carriers of pure motion, they’re all the same – from the outside, at least – and we don’t know what’s going on inside them.Just as black holes may cloak the remants of collapsed civilizations, so electrons may hold secret histories of their paths through the universe.Stephen Wolfram takes this idea further. If particles, such as electrons, are the carriers of pure motion in physical space, what are the carriers of pure motion in branchial space and rulial space? Maybe, in rulial space, it’s the discrete concepts we use to communicate ideas from one mind to another.These are fascinating speculations, but Stephen insists that we need not know what a particle is to make progress with his framework. We can understand energy without knowing what a particle is; we can understand momentum without knowing what a particle is; maybe we can even derive Quantum Field Theory from the Wolfram model without ever knowing what a particle is.—Stephen WolframStephen WolframThe Wolfram Physics ProjectWolfram InstituteWolfram Institute Community DiscordReferencesBlack holesBlack hole mergersKuratowski’s theoremWagner’s theoremConway’s Game of Life resources include Alan Dewar’s implementation, Chris Rowett’s Life Viewer, playgameoflife.com and ConwayLife.comEnergy is the flux of causal edges through spacelike hypersurfacesCausal graphQuantum electrodynamicsQuantum chromodynamicsThe Standard ModelRichard FeynmanFeynman diagramQuantum Field TheoryS-matrix or scattering matrixVirtual particlesBrancial spaceRulial spaceComputational irreducibilityVideos and imagesEddy line over the Eastern Pacific video by GOES imagery: CSU/CIRA & NOAA public domainPerpetual Ocean 2: Western Boundary Currents video and image by NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio / Greg Shirah reproduced under NASA Images and Media Usage GuidelinesFlight around a black hole video and image by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center / J. Schnittman and B. Powell via NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio reproduced under NASA Images and Media Usage GuidelinesMerging Black Holes video by NASA / Dana Berry via NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio reproduced under NASA Images and Media Usage GuidelinesBlack Holes: Monsters in Space (Artist’s Concept) image by NASA / JPL-Caltech reproduced under NASA Images and Media Usage Guidelines—The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web MindI release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.
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    22 分
  • The causal graph is objective reality

    The causal graph is objective reality
    2025/08/08

    The multiway graph shows every possible evolution of the universe.

    So, if we can compute every possible reality, does that mean that there’s no single objective reality?

    Well, the causal graph, it turns out, collapses every possible reality into a single objective reality in a way that’s so unexpected that you’ll be left wondering: how did that just happen?

    —

    References:

    • The hypergraph video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article
    • The multiway graph video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article
    • The causal graph video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article
    • Causal invariance video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article
    • Different observers might follow different paths through the multiwaygraph, but they see the same causal graph

    —

    The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

    I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

    The full article is here.

    Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.
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    13 分
  • Stephen Wolfram on AI, human-like minds & formal knowledge

    Stephen Wolfram on AI, human-like minds & formal knowledge
    2025/07/12

    In this fascinating exposition, Stephen Wolfram connects two of the most important breakthroughs of our time: AI and the ruliad.

    I ask Stephen how he thinks about knowledge hypergraphs, which I’m exploring at Open Web Mind.

    He offers several important insights.

    Stephen draws a distinction between human-like minds and formal knowledge.

    Human-like minds include both our own brains and Large Language Models. Such minds, Stephen suggests, are good at making broad but shallow connections.

    Formal knowledge, on the other hand, is deep and precise. Stephen has spent a lifetime building computational towers of such knowledge.

    He proposes that Large Language Models might serve as interfaces to formal knowledge. He warns, however, that much of this knowledge might be inaccessible to minds like ours.

    To illustrate the difficulty, Stephen contrasts the 50,000 or so concepts to which we humans have assigned words, such as “cat” and “dog”, with the infinite variability an AI can generate, both within human concepts and in the interconcept space in between.

    Tying this back to physics, Stephen Wolfram posits that the concepts of space, time, energy, etc. we have internalized occupy only a tiny part of the ruliad.

    —

    Stephen Wolfram

    • Stephen Wolfram
    • The Wolfram Physics Project
    • Wolfram Institute
    • Wolfram Institute Community Discord

    Related writings from Stephen

    • Generative AI Space and the Mental Imagery of Alien Minds
    • How to Think Computationally about AI, the Universe and Everything
    • The Concept of the Ruliad

    More on knowledge hypergraphs at Open Web Mind:

    • Open Web Mind
    • Open Web Mind YouTube channel
    • Sign up for my newsletter

    —

    The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

    I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

    Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.
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    18 分
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