In this episode of The Incubator India Podcast, hosts Dr. Anita Singh and Dr. Akanksha Verma review six recent studies led by Indian researchers that address key challenges in neonatal care.

The discussion begins with a randomized trial from SGPGI Lucknow comparing nasal DuoPAP with CPAP in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. While DuoPAP was non-inferior to CPAP, it reduced the need for surfactant. A second trial from Safdarjung Hospital and PGI Chandigarh asked whether CPAP improves outcomes over oxygen hood therapy in mild to moderate meconium aspiration syndrome; most babies were managed safely with oxygen alone.

Attention then turns to neonatal shock. A study from AIIMS Rishikesh compared norepinephrine with dopamine as first-line agents, while a trial from PGI Chandigarh tested early hydrocortisone alongside vasoactive support. Both reflect the difficulty of improving survival in the setting of multidrug-resistant gram-negative sepsis but point toward norepinephrine as a safer choice.

The hosts also highlight findings from a multicenter Lancet Global Health study documenting the burden of sepsis and resistance patterns in district hospitals. The episode concludes with a QI project from St. John’s Bangalore, showing how structured implementation can improve “golden hour” care for preterm infants.

The articles covered on today’s episode of the podcast can be found here

1)Kaur H, Singh A, Naranje KM, Gupta G, Solanki PS, Mishra P. Nasal DUOPAP vs nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome - A randomized control trial. Early Hum Dev. 2025;207:106284. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106284

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-3782(25)00094-5

2)Mustaqeem A, Yadav A, Kumar J, Debata P. Continuous positive airway pressure versus conventional oxygen therapy in meconium aspiration syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. J Trop Pediatr. 2025;71(2):fmaf002. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmaf002

https://academic.oup.com/tropej/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/tropej/fmaf002

3)Mazhari MYA, Priyadarshi M, Singh P, Chaurasia S, Basu S. Norepinephrine versus Dopamine for Septic Shock in Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr. 2025;282:114599. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114599

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-3476(25)00139-8

4)Dudeja S, Saini SS, Sundaram V, Dutta S, Sachdeva N, Kumar P. Early hydrocortisone verses placebo in neonatal shock- a double blind Randomized controlled trial. J Perinatol. 2025;45(3):342-349. doi:10.1038/s41372-025-02222-3

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-025-02222-3

5)Jain K, Kumar V, Plakkal N, et al. Multidrug-resistant sepsis in special newborn care units in five district hospitals in India: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2025;13(5):e870-e878. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00564-3

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214-109X(24)00564-3

6)Amuji N, Appaji Rao S, Yemmethimmanahalli Nagaraju P, Gautham Suresh K, Steven S, Bada Shekharappa C. Improving the quality of care for preterm infants in the golden hour. BMJ Open Qual. 2025;14(1):e002277. Published 2025 Mar 23. doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002277

https://bmjopenquality.bmj.com/lookup/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=40122573

In this episode of Incubator India, Dr. Akanksha hosts Professor Dr. Shubha Phadke, a pioneer in medical genetics, to discuss the transformative role of Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) in neonatal care. The conversation covers the fundamentals of WES, its clinical applications, the importance of accurate phenotyping, and the utilization of genetic databases for effective diagnosis. Dr. Phadke emphasizes the need for high suspicion of genetic disorders in neonates and the critical role of detailed family history and clinical information in guiding genetic testing. This conversation delves into the critical role of genetics in neonatology, emphasizing the importance of rapid whole genome sequencing for early diagnosis and management of genetic disorders in neonates. It discusses the challenges posed by variants of unknown significance, the necessity of genetic counseling in the NICU, and the ethical dilemmas surrounding genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis in the Indian context. The conversation concludes with a call to empower clinicians with genetic knowledge to enhance patient care.

In this third episode of The Incubator India Podcast, hosts Dr. Anita Singh and Dr. Akanksha Verma dive into some of the latest research and break it down for our community of neonatologists in India. From hypertension in preterm neonates to the role of probiotics in NEC prevention, they break down five important studies with direct application in clinical practice. They explore the urgent need for standardized hypertension protocols, the surprising gaps in probiotic adoption, and whether blood gas analyzers can replace traditional CSF glucose testing. The discussion heats up as they examine India’s rubella vaccination campaign, uncovering both major successes and critical immunity gaps, before wrapping up with an in-depth look at vitamin K prophylaxis—does a higher dose offer real benefits?

Throughout the episode, Dr. Singh and Dr. Verma connect the dots between research and real-world practice, questioning how India can bridge the gap between data and daily neonatal care. With a sharp focus on evidence-based medicine, clinical impact, and policy evolution, this episode is a must-listen for anyone passionate about shaping the future of neonatology in India.

Tune in now for a fast-paced, insight-packed discussion that challenges the status quo!

The articles covered on today’s episode of the podcast can be found here

1. Das R, Nagpal R, Deshpande S, Kumar G, Singh A, Kallimath A and Suryawanshi P (2024) A survey on management practices of hypotension in preterm neonates: an Indian perspective.Front. Pediatr. 12:1411719.doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1411719

2. More K, Hanumantharaju A, Amrit A, et al. (November 18, 2024) Use of Probiotics for Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Survey of Current Practices Among Indian Neonatologists. Cureus 16(11): e73923.DOI 10.7759/cureus.73923

3. Jain A, Dutta S, Pal A, Kumar P. Neonatal CSF glucose measured by blood gas analyzer, glucometer, and standard laboratory methods. J Perinatol. 2024;44(12):1795-1799. doi:10.1038/s41372-024-02106-y

4. Anne RP, Kumar J, Kumar P, Meena J. Effect of oropharyngeal colostrum therapy on neonatal sepsis in preterm neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2024;78(3):471-487. doi:10.1002/jpn3.12085

5. Shanmugasundaram D, Viswanathan R, Winter AK, et al. Rubella immunity among pregnant women and the burden of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in India, 2022. Vaccine. 2024;42(24):126077.doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.044

6. Natarajan AS, Delhi Kumar CG, Senthil Kumar GP, et al. One milligram versus two-milligram intramuscular vitamin K to prevent late-onset hemorrhagic disease in young infants: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2025;62:116-20. doi: 10.1007/s13312-025-3374-6.