Donald Trump’s first term in office felt, to many, like a burst of cultural backlash—loud, brash, and ultimately blunted. He entered Washington in 2017 promising to “drain the swamp,” but underestimated how deep and tangled the roots ran. The permanent bureaucracy, the NGO network, and the sprawling infrastructure of media-linked soft power endured. By the time Joe Biden took office in 2021, the so-called “intercom” —the elite feedback loop of agencies, think tanks, activist nonprofits, and friendly press—was back in full control.
But Trump’s 2024 victory marked a sharp break. This time, he came in not as an insurgent learning the ropes but as a returning general with a kill list. The second term’s agenda is unapologetically surgical: cut, cauterize, and rebuild. Where once he allowed careerists to stay on out of caution or optics, now he’s purging aggressively. The Department of Justice, State Department, USAID, and even federally funded broadcasters like NPR and PBS are feeling the blowtorch.
The method is both ideological and operational. Ideologically, Trump and his allies frame the federal bureaucracy as a hostile occupying force—what he has long branded the “deep state.” Operationally, they are stripping funding, closing offices, and firing tens of thousands of career civil servants. Reports cite over 275,000 federal civil service layoffs since January 2025, not including contractors. Whole agencies, particularly in the foreign aid and NGO sphere, are being gutted. USAID—long accused by critics of being an internationalist activist arm under the guise of development—has been defunded to the bone.
In Trump’s view, this is not mere budget discipline but necessary surgery to remove “cancer” before it metastasizes again. It’s the same logic Elon Musk applied at Twitter—slash headcount under the guise of cost-cutting while gutting the internal political culture. For Trump, that means sweeping out anyone suspected of ideological hostility, no matter their seniority or tenure protections. His allies call it flushing out moles; his critics call it authoritarianism.
Symbolic moments punctuate the purge. In Washington, D.C., Sean Dunn—a career DOJ trial lawyer—was filmed throwing a sandwich at federal agents while shouting “fascist.” For Trump supporters, it was proof of rot: a sworn officer of the executive branch openly defying the chain of command, embodying the very subversion they claim is endemic. Dunn was arrested on felony charges and promptly fired—a public scalp meant to signal that no one in the bureaucracy is untouchable.
To the administration, the protests outside the White House are not grassroots uprisings but the death throes of the old guard—mostly white, highly educated NGO veterans, retired diplomats, and Beltway lifers. Trump’s team insists they are dismantling not democracy but a parallel government that never stood for election.
This is the paradox at the heart of Trump’s second term. Governing is harder than protesting, and he knows it. But he’s betting that a total institutional purge—painful, disruptive, and risky—will finally deliver what “drain the swamp” never could: a federal apparatus aligned with the president’s vision, not working to undermine it.
In his eyes, cutting out the rot now might save the patient later, even if the surgery leaves scars. Whether history calls it reform or wreckage will depend on who writes the next chapter.