In the previous episode we discussed how in continuation of notions going right back to the Proto-Indo-Europeans, one of their descendent groups, the Indo-Aryans, extended the idea and need to preserve the ‘spoken word’ to extraordinary lengths, anticipating some of our modern data-integrity technologies by around three thousand years.

But one might add, this ain’t nothing compared to what came next!

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Article written by Ash Stuart

Images and voice narration generated by AI

Further Reading & Reference

* Cardona, George. (1997). Pāṇini. His Work and Its Traditions. MLBD. ISBN 8120804198. (Online Preview)

* Renou, Louis. (1966). La Grammaire de Pāṇini. 4 Vols. École Française d’Extrême Orient.

* Watkins, Calvert. (1995). How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195085957.

* Benveniste, Émile. (2016). Dictionary of Indo-European Concepts. Hau Books. ISBN 978-0986132599.

* Parpola, Asko. (2015). The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-019022690-9.

* Reich, David. (2018). Who We Are and How We Got Here. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198821250.

* Jamison, Stephanie W & Brereton, Joel P. (2014). The Rigveda: the earliest religious poetry of India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199370184.

* Monier-Williams, Monier, Sir. (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with special reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages. Oxford University Press.

* Böhtlingk, Otto. (1887). Pāṇinis Grammatik. Leipzig.

* Pāṇini. (±499 BCE). Aṣṭādhyāyī. ISBN 0-0.