Some may start off an internal medicine podcast on how to manage diabetes or hypertension, maybe even a discussion on sodium. We will get to all those topics in our podcast, but right off the bat, we wanted to start on a topic that is life or death: Shock. Recognizing a shock patient is sometimes easy and sometimes very difficult, as it can appear to be something else.

We're going to do a series on shock and its different types. We want the intern and medical student to know right off the bat about the sickest patients and know how to start intervening and saving their lives.

In this foundational episode of IM Basics, Dr. Eric Acker is joined by Dr. Tark and Dr. Bass to provide a high-yield overview of shock for PGY1 residents and medical students. They break down the clinical signs and early indicators of shock, including mental status changes, blood pressure trends, and heart rate abnormalities.

The team discusses the value of history-taking, bedside tools like point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), and essential labs (CBC, BMP, lactate, Procalcitonin) in differentiating between types of shock. They review the four major shock categories—hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive—and stress the importance of early intervention, not just diagnostic pondering.

With practical guidance on workup strategies, resuscitation, and when to escalate to ICU support, this episode equips learners to recognize and manage shock before it's too late.

References for this episode:

• Uptodate - Evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock.
• IBCC - PULMCrit - "Shock & vasoactive medications"