『S2 E29 Roman Magic & Pendle Witches』のカバーアート

S2 E29 Roman Magic & Pendle Witches

S2 E29 Roman Magic & Pendle Witches

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 Review of Part I Pendle Witches Last episode Tatjana talked about the feud between the Demdikes and Chattoxs and the beginning of the resulting trial in 1612. The matriarchs were Elizabeth Southerns( Demdikes) and Anne Whittle(Chattoxes). It started with Elizabeth Southern’s granddaughter, Alizon, and John Law( a Chattox), with Alizon trying to purchase something from him. Things are not clear as to whether Alizon begged or John refused, but there was a quarrel. And as he was walking away he possibly had a stroke which Alizon saw. At this point there was not any claim of witchcraft. Later Law’s son went to Alizon. He thought she may have caused whatever happened to his father and she confessed to witchcraft. There was a meeting between families and it did not go well. The quarrel was deeper than just the one incident. This is when the matriarchs were brought in before the law, Nowell, and they told on each other, claiming the other had done witchcraft. Part II The Malkin Tower Meeting The Malkin Tower Meeting, at the home of Demdikes, was orchestrated by Elizabeth Device on April 10, 1612 Good Friday. Friends and sympathizers of the family attended. Upon hearing of this meeting Roger Nowell decided to find out what the meeting’s purpose was with the help of a fellow magistrate, Nicholas Bannister. This led to the arrest of eight more people: Elizabeth Device, James Device, Katherine Hewitt, John Bulcock, Jane Bulcock, Jennet Preston (from Yorkshire), Alice Nutter and Alice Grey. Jennet Preston was sent to trial at the York Inquests, everyone else was sent to Lancaster Goal thus joining the others already imprisoned there. Interestingly some of the imprisoned actually believed in their guilt while others vehemently protested their guilt. The York Inquest July 27,1612 is where, as mentioned before, Jennet Preston was tried for and found guilty of the death of Thomas Lister of Westby Hall, a local landowner. She professed her innocence to the end. She had a history of the accusation of murder previously to this event though. In 1611 she appeared before Bromley for the death of a child through the use of witchcraft but had been found not guilty. She is connected to the Malkin Tower meeting for seeking to enlist the help of the others to murder Thomas Lister. She was hanged July 29,1612. The Lancaster Inquests… Now a key player in the deaths of these people was a nine year old girl by the name of Jennet Device. She identified those that were at the Malkin Tower meeting including her mother, brother and sister. It was unusual to allow someone so young to be part of the trial in the 17th century but due to King James’ book, Daemonologie it was permitted for this purpose. Nine of the accused were found guilty and hanged on August 20, 1612 at Gallows Hill Lancaster. One, Elizabeth Southerns, died awaiting trial and Alice Grey was the only one found not guilty. More in depth… August 18th Anne Whittle (a.k.a. Chattox) pleaded not guilty to the charge of murder of Robert Nutter. James Robinson, a tenant of the Chattox family 20 years previous, recalled that Nutter had said Chattox had been turning his beer sour and that it was commonly believed she was a witch. I believe in order to attempt to save her daughter Anne Redferne, she succumbed to the charges against her. She asked for mercy for her daughter in the end. James Robinson and John Robinsons’ deaths were placed at the feet of Elizabeth Device. She along with Alice Nutter were accused of the murder of Henry Mitton. Now it is unfortunate that Elizabeth had a facial deformity which worked against her in the eyes of the court and when her daughter was brought out to accuse her she was forcibly removed from the courtroom due to her cursing and screaming at her daughter, Jennet, who was the nine year old I spoke of earlier. Jennet explained how her mother had a familiar, a dog named Ball with whom she contrived to carry out various murders and how she had seen her mother making a clay figure of John Robinson whom she was accused of murdering. Elizabeth was found guilty. James Device was accused of having murdered John Duckworth and Anne Townley using witchcraft. His earlier confession to Nowell being used against him in court and that of his sister Jennet’s statement of him conjuring a black dog to help him kill Townley was sufficient evidence. He was found guilty. August 19th Anne Redferne’s first appearance in court proved to be lucky in that she was acquitted of the charge against her, the murder of Robert Nutter due to “unsatisfactory” evidence. However, the next day did not prove the same. The charge of murdering Christopher Nutter, Robert’s father, was brought against her. She declared herself not guilty. A statement made to Nowell by Demdike declaring that Anne was seen making clay figures was admitted into the hearing. Many claimed her “more dangerous than her mother” as a witch but she stood fast as...
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