Natural rights form the cornerstone of American constitutional democracy, establishing that all individuals possess unalienable rights endowed by their Creator that no government can legitimately take away. Dr. Paul Carrese explores how these rights originated from philosophical traditions from ancient Greece to the Enlightenment and explains why they remain relevant to modern citizenship.

• The Declaration of Independence directly articulates America's understanding of natural rights
• "Unalienable rights" include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness - rights no authority can legitimately remove
• Natural rights philosophy draws from John Locke but substitutes "pursuit of happiness" for his emphasis on property
• The "laws of nature and of nature's God" connect to ancient Greek philosophy through medieval Christian thought
• Natural rights blend with English common law traditions to form America's understanding of individual liberty
• The Bill of Rights further specifies and protects these natural rights within our constitutional framework
• Ultimate standards of justice come from nature and divine reason, not human will or political negotiation
• Every citizen has a responsibility to participate in self-government to ensure rights are protected
• America's system allows for perpetual debate about rights while providing mechanisms to protect them

Join us in understanding how these foundational principles establish your equal dignity and why meaningful citizenship requires active engagement with these ideas that make self-government possible.

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