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  • The Treaty of Sèvres: The Allied Plan to Dismember the Ottoman Empire

    The Treaty of Sèvres: The Allied Plan to Dismember the Ottoman Empire
    2026/07/21
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Treaty of Sèvres of 1920, the Allied plan to carve up the defeated Ottoman Empire. They discuss how the treaty assigned vast territories to Greece, France, Italy, and Britain, created an independent Armenia and autonomous Kurdistan, and left a rump Turkish state in central Anatolia. The episode covers the reaction of the Ottoman government in Istanbul, the defiance of the Turkish National Movement under Mustafa Kemal, and the treaty's role in galvanizing opposition that led to the Turkish War of Independence. Key figures include Sultan Mehmed VI, Grand Vizier Damat Ferid Pasha, and the Allied negotiators. The episode also touches on the controversial provisions, including the internationalization of the Straits and the financial control by the Ottoman Public Debt Administration. Sèvres was signed but never ratified, becoming a symbol of foreign humiliation that shaped modern Turkish nationalism. #TreatyOfSevres #SevrAntlaşması #MustafaKemal #TurkishWarOfIndependence #DamatFeridPasha #SultanMehmedVI #OttomanEmpire #WWI #ParisPeaceConference #LloydGeorge #Clemenceau #WoodrowWilson #ArmenianQuestion #Kurdistan #StraitsQuestion #ParisPeaceTreaties #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分
  • The Armenian Genocide and the End of the Ottoman Empire

    The Armenian Genocide and the End of the Ottoman Empire
    2026/07/21
    In 1915, in the midst of World War I, the Ottoman Empire began a systematic deportation and massacre of its Armenian population. This episode explores the events of the Armenian Genocide, its origins, the role of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), and how the genocide contributed to the empire's collapse. Lucas and Luna discuss key figures like Talat Pasha, Enver Pasha, and Cemal Pasha, the Tehcir Law, the fate of Armenian soldiers in the Ottoman army, and the international response. They also examine the legacy of the genocide in modern Turkey and its impact on the empire's final years. #ArmenianGenocide #OttomanEmpire #WWI #TalatPasha #TehcirLaw #CUP #EnverPasha #CemalPasha #1915 #Deportation #HistoryOfTurkey #Genocide #MiddleEast #WorldWarI #FexingoHistory #OttomanHistory #ArmenianHistory #SublimePorte Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    9 分
  • The Final Oath: How the Ottoman Parliament Defied the Allies in 1920

    The Final Oath: How the Ottoman Parliament Defied the Allies in 1920
    2026/07/20
    In January 1920, the last Ottoman Parliament met in occupied Istanbul and adopted the Misak-ı Milli — the National Pact. This declaration of the empire's minimum territorial demands would become the blueprint for the Turkish Republic. But it also sealed the parliament's fate: on March 16, 1920, Allied forces dissolved it by force, arresting deputies and declaring martial law. Lucas and Luna explore the frantic weeks of debate, the key figures like Rauf Orbay and Kara Vasıf, the secret communications with Mustafa Kemal in Ankara, and how the parliament's defiance set the stage for the Turkish War of Independence. They also examine the overlooked role of women's protests in Sultanahmet Square and the British decision to crush the last vestiges of Ottoman sovereignty. #MisakıMilli #OttomanParliament #TurkishWarOfIndependence #RaufOrbay #KaraVasıf #MustafaKemal #IstanbulOccupation #AlliedPowers #1920 #SultanahmetProtest #HalideEdib #TurkishHistory #WorldWarI #FexingoHistory #History #Empire #Diplomacy #Resistance Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The Ottoman Empire's Last Census 1914

    The Ottoman Empire's Last Census 1914
    2026/07/20
    In 1914, the Ottoman Empire conducted its final census — a massive, unprecedented attempt to count every soul in a crumbling realm. But the numbers were not just statistics; they were weapons. This episode follows the census officials who trekked through Anatolia, the Balkans, and the Arab provinces, and reveals how the data was twisted by the Committee of Union and Progress to justify wartime policies, including the tragic Tehcir Law. We explore the millet system, the rise of population politics, and the census's role in the empire's final collapse. Featuring the voices of Enver Pasha, Talat Pasha, and the ordinary people whose lives were reduced to a tally mark. A story of numbers, power, and human cost. #History #FexingoHistory #OttomanEmpire #1914Census #Census #SublimePorte #MilletSystem #Tanzimat #EnverPasha #TalatPasha #CemalPasha #MehmedV #TehcirLaw #WWI #MiddleEast #Anatolia #Balkans #Empire Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    8 分
  • The Ottoman Empire's Last Caliph: Abdülmecid Efendi's Exile

    The Ottoman Empire's Last Caliph: Abdülmecid Efendi's Exile
    2026/07/19
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the final chapter of the Ottoman caliphate through the story of Abdülmecid Efendi, the last caliph before Atatürk abolished the institution in 1924. They discuss how Abdülmecid was elected by the Turkish Grand National Assembly, his brief 17-month tenure, his exile after the caliphate's abolition, and his life in Paris. They delve into his role as a patron of the arts, his paintings, and the fate of his family. The episode also covers the complex politics of the early Turkish Republic, the Khilafat movement in India, and the final expulsion of the Ottoman dynasty from Turkey in 1924. Lucas and Luna examine the legal and symbolic end of the caliphate, the impact on Muslims worldwide, and the debate over whether Atatürk's decision was necessary for Turkey's modernization. #AbdülmecidEfendi #LastCaliph #OttomanEmpire #TurkishRepublic #Atatürk #Caliphate #Khilafat #DolmabahçePalace #TBMM #Lozan #Exile #Paris #OttomanDynasty #Osmanoğlu #ModernTurkey #History #FexingoHistory #Islam Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    9 分
  • How the Hejaz Railway Became the Ottoman Empire's Lifeline and Target

    How the Hejaz Railway Became the Ottoman Empire's Lifeline and Target
    2026/07/19
    Long before WWI, the Hejaz Railway was the Ottoman Empire's boldest infrastructure project — a 1,300-kilometer line from Damascus to Medina, built to strengthen the Sultan's claim as Caliph and secure the holy cities. But in the desert, British-backed Arab forces turned it into a target. This episode follows the railway's construction, the German engineers who helped build it, the Bedouin raids that crippled it, and the British 'Hejaz Operations Staff' that turned sabotage into a military strategy. We look at the railway's military commander, Fahreddin Pasha, who defended Medina until 1919, long after the war ended, and the mysterious fate of its missing locomotives. Join Lucas and Luna as they trace the rails that led to the empire's collapse. #HejazRailway #OttomanEmpire #WWI #FahreddinPasha #Medina #Damascus #BedouinRaids #GermanEngineers #BritishSabotage #ArabRevolt #HejazOperationsStaff #Feyzibey #OttomanLogistics #MiddleEastHistory #FexingoHistory #History #WWIHistory #RailwayHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The Ottoman Sultan Who Burned His Own Capital

    The Ottoman Sultan Who Burned His Own Capital
    2026/07/18
    In 1912, a catastrophic fire swept through Istanbul's Eminönü district, destroying over 2,000 buildings and leaving 60,000 people homeless. But the disaster wasn't just a tragedy—it was a turning point. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Great Fire of Constantinople of 1912, a largely forgotten catastrophe that exposed the Ottoman Empire's crumbling infrastructure, deepened ethnic tensions, and accelerated the centralization of power under the Committee of Union and Progress. They follow the heroic efforts of the firefighting crews, the political fallout that doomed the Grand Vezir's government, and how the fire shaped the landscape of modern Istanbul. From the crooked wooden streets of Tahtakale to the rise of concrete construction, this is a story of ruin and renewal at the empire's twilight. #GreatFireof1912 #OttomanEmpire #Istanbul #Eminönü #Tahtakale #SublimePorte #CUP #MehmedV #GrandVezir #İtfaiye #Firefighting #UrbanHistory #EthnicTensions #1910s #LateOttoman #DisasterHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    8 分
  • The Ottoman Empire's Last Census 1914

    The Ottoman Empire's Last Census 1914
    2026/07/17
    In 1914, the Ottoman Empire conducted its last comprehensive census. Lucas and Luna explore how this massive bureaucratic project aimed to count a crumbling multi-ethnic empire on the eve of World War I. They discuss the challenges of enumerating nomadic tribes, the role of religious millets, the controversial population figures for Armenians and Arabs, and how the census data was later weaponized during wartime deportations. The episode also touches on the census's legacy for modern Turkey and the Middle East, including debates over pre-war demographics in the Armenian Genocide and the population exchange with Greece. Featuring terms like nüfus sayımı, İstanbul, and the Sublime Porte. #OttomanCensus1914 #NüfusSayımı #OttomanEmpire #WorldWarI #ArmenianGenocide #PopulationHistory #Tanzimat #İstanbul #SublimePorte #MilletSystem #Demographics #YoungTurks #MehmedV #EnverPaşa #TalatPaşa #CemalPaşa #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    10 分