Late summer can expose the colonies that simply haven't kept pace. Maybe they're late splits, small nucs, colonies recovering from swarming, or colonies that never developed the population you expected. What should you do with them before winter?

In this episode of Honey Bee Obscura, Jim Tew welcomes Anne Frey of Betterbee for a practical conversation about managing small colonies as summer gives way to fall.

Anne and Jim discuss how small a colony can be and still have a reasonable chance of overwintering, along with ways beekeepers can improve those odds. That includes making sure Varroa mites are under control, providing adequate honey and pollen, donating resources from stronger colonies, reducing environmental stresses, adding top insulation, and positioning small colonies so they can benefit from shared warmth.

They also explore overwintering nucs above stronger colonies using double-screen boards, multi-compartment equipment, equalizing colonies with frames of capped brood, and when simply combining two weak colonies may be the better choice.

And what about moving colonies indoors—or even hauling them hundreds of miles south? Jim has stories about both.

The bottom line: small colonies require extra attention, realistic expectations, and sometimes a willingness to cut your losses while protecting valuable drawn comb for another season.

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Thanks to Betterbee for sponsoring today's episode. Betterbee's mission is to support every beekeeper with excellent customer service, continued education and quality equipment. From their colorful and informative catalog to their support of beekeeper educational activities, including this podcast series, Betterbee truly is Beekeepers Serving Beekeepers. See for yourself at www.betterbee.com

We'd like to thank Vita Bee Health for supporting the podcast. Vita provides proven tools for controlling Varroa—from Apistan and Apiguard to the new VarroxSan extended-release oxalic acid strips—helping beekeepers keep stronger, healthier colonies.

Thanks to Bee Culture, the Magazine of American Beekeeping, for their support of Honey Bee Obscura. Available in print and digital at www.beeculture.com

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Honey Bee Obscura is brought to you by Growing Planet Media, LLC, the home of Beekeeping Today Podcast.

Music: Heart & Soul by Gyom, All We Know by Midway Music; Christmas Avenue by Immersive Music; original guitar music by Jeffrey Ott

Cartoons by: John Martin (Beezwax Comics)

Copyright © 2026 by Growing Planet Media, LLC

When should you feed your honey bees—and when is feeding simply masking another problem? In this Honey Bee Obscura Archive Special, we revisit a conversation between Jim Tew and the late Kim Flottum about one of beekeeping's perennial fall questions: fall feeding of colonies in preparation for winter.

Kim and Jim begin with a deceptively simple question: Why are you feeding? A colony may need supplemental food because of poor forage, unfavorable weather, a newly created split, inadequate stores, or another management decision. But feeding can also become what Jim calls a "management Band-Aid"—something that helps a colony through a temporary shortage without addressing why it became short on stores in the first place.

From there, they tackle the practical questions. What should you feed? Thin or thick sugar syrup? Fondant? Dry granulated sugar? And with entrance feeders, top feeders, division-board feeders, and other options available, is there really one "best" method?

For northern beekeepers preparing colonies for winter, Jim and Kim discuss the amount of stored honey they historically looked for and an old but useful technique: weighing or "hefting" a hive to estimate its stores. They explain why learning what a properly provisioned hive feels like can help a beekeeper decide whether intervention is necessary.

Most importantly, they emphasize that meaningful fall feeding can require a significant commitment. Bringing an underweight colony up to adequate winter stores may require gallons of syrup—not simply feeding once and assuming the problem is solved.

The takeaway is classic Jim and Kim: feed when you need to, understand why you need to, and stop when the colony has what it needs.

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Thanks to Betterbee for sponsoring today's episode. Betterbee's mission is to support every beekeeper with excellent customer service, continued education and quality equipment. From their colorful and informative catalog to their support of beekeeper educational activities, including this podcast series, Betterbee truly is Beekeepers Serving Beekeepers. See for yourself at www.betterbee.com

We'd like to thank Vita Bee Health for supporting the podcast. Vita provides proven tools for controlling Varroa—from Apistan and Apiguard to the new VarroxSan extended-release oxalic acid strips—helping beekeepers keep stronger, healthier colonies.

Thanks to Bee Culture, the Magazine of American Beekeeping, for their support of Honey Bee Obscura. Available in print and digital at www.beeculture.com

______________________

Honey Bee Obscura is brought to you by Growing Planet Media, LLC, the home of Beekeeping Today Podcast.

Music: Heart & Soul by Gyom, All We Know by Midway Music; Christmas Avenue by Immersive Music; original guitar music by Jeffrey Ott

Cartoons by: John Martin (Beezwax Comics)

Copyright © 2026 by Growing Planet Media, LLC

What can the average beekeeper realistically plant to help honey bees and other pollinators? Jim Tew is joined by Anne Frey of Betterbee for a practical and sometimes wandering—in the best possible way—conversation about bee forage. They begin with the idea of planting wildflowers and quickly confront the question of scale. If meaningful forage can require substantial acreage, what can a beekeeper with an ordinary backyard actually accomplish?

Anne suggests thinking beyond wildflower plots. A single well-chosen tree, such as an American basswood or linden, can provide an impressive concentration of flowers when it blooms. Jim recalls basswood honey from his years in Maryland and shares the story of a nearby 250-acre farm planted entirely in sunflowers—a spectacular sight that attracted people as readily as it attracted pollinators.

They also talk about soybeans, tulip poplar, bee-bee tree (Evodia), and the temptation beekeepers sometimes have to plant anything honey bees find attractive. That leads to an important caution: a plant being good forage doesn't necessarily mean it belongs in your landscape. Some highly attractive plants can also be invasive.

Ultimately, Jim and Anne arrive at perhaps the easiest approach of all: when possible, leave some land wild. Locally adapted flowering plants—or what we often dismiss as weeds—may provide more benefit than an introduced wildflower mix. And a perfectly manicured lawn? From a bee's perspective, Anne suggests it might not be much better than a parking lot.

You don't need to transform an acre. Plant a native tree, tolerate some untidiness, preserve existing forage, and pay attention to what the bees are already telling you they like.

______________________

Thanks to Betterbee for sponsoring today's episode. Betterbee's mission is to support every beekeeper with excellent customer service, continued education and quality equipment. From their colorful and informative catalog to their support of beekeeper educational activities, including this podcast series, Betterbee truly is Beekeepers Serving Beekeepers. See for yourself at www.betterbee.com

We'd like to thank Vita Bee Health for supporting the podcast. Vita provides proven tools for controlling Varroa—from Apistan and Apiguard to the new VarroxSan extended-release oxalic acid strips—helping beekeepers keep stronger, healthier colonies.

______________________

Honey Bee Obscura is brought to you by Growing Planet Media, LLC, the home of Beekeeping Today Podcast.

Music: Heart & Soul by Gyom, All We Know by Midway Music; Christmas Avenue by Immersive Music; original guitar music by Jeffrey Ott

Cartoons by: John Martin (Beezwax Comics)

Copyright © 2026 by Growing Planet Media, LLC