Feline acne is an inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicles, the cutaneous structures where hair grows and sebum is produced. This inflammation most commonly manifests on the chin and lower lip of the cat. It is visually characterized by comedones (blackheads), papules (red bumps), pustules (pus-filled bumps), and, in severe cases, deeper nodules. Although it can affect any cat, certain factors such as the use of plastic bowls, excessive sebum production, stress, allergies, or even anatomical predispositions can contribute to its development. Inadequate hygiene and secondary bacterial infections can exacerbate the lesions.

The Inflammatory Process in Detail

Sebum, naturally produced by the sebaceous glands, plays a protective role for the skin and hair. However, when its production is excessive or its drainage is impaired, it accumulates in the hair follicle along with dead skin cells. This mixture forms a plug, the comedo. This enclosed environment becomes conducive to bacterial growth, thereby triggering an inflammatory response. This inflammation initially manifests as blackheads, then progresses to red and purulent papules if bacteria, often Staphylococcus species, proliferate. In severe cases, the inflammation can extend deeper, forming nodules and abscesses.

Diagnosis: Identifying and Differentiating Feline Acne

The visible signs of feline acne vary depending on the severity. A mild form is limited to blackheads, while a moderate form presents with red and purulent papules. Severe forms are characterized by nodules, abscesses, crusting, and hair loss. The cat may scratch or rub its chin. It is crucial to differentiate feline acne from other skin problems such as allergies, fungal infections (ringworm), parasitic infestations (mange), or even tumors. The veterinarian relies on clinical examination, observation of the lesions and their location. A skin cytology (cell sample) may also be performed to identify bacteria and inflammation. A bacterial culture can identify the specific bacteria involved and their antibiotic sensitivity. In complex cases, a skin biopsy may be necessary.

Treatment: A Comprehensive and Adapted Approach

The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, eliminate comedones, treat infections, and improve the cat's comfort. Treatment combines several actions. Hygiene is paramount: replacing plastic bowls with easy-to-clean materials (ceramic, stainless steel) and cleaning the cat's chin daily with a mild, antiseptic product. Topical treatments, such as antiseptic shampoos or lotions (chlorhexidine, benzoyl peroxide) and creams (retinoids, topical antibiotics), are often prescribed. For severe or resistant cases, oral treatments, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatories, may be necessary. Management of stress and allergies, if identified, is also important.

Regular follow-up with the veterinarian is essential to adjust treatment and prevent recurrences. Maintaining good hygiene, controlling risk factors, and, if necessary, continuing long-term maintenance treatment are the keys to effectively managing feline acne. Research continues to improve the understanding of this condition and to offer new therapeutic solutions. Good collaboration between the veterinarian and the owner is crucial for the cat's well-being.