Avery and Landon analyze the ways in which environmental pollutants can affect the immune system and cause immunotoxicity. The article highlights the most concerning environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, and explains how these pollutants can enter the body, alter immune responses, and lead to immune-related diseases like immunosuppression, allergies, and autoimmunity. The authors examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the immunotoxic effects of pollutants, focusing on xenobiotic receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and the KEAP1-NRF2 system. The article also discusses promising therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating diseases related to immunotoxicity using NRF2 activators.

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