ELT Cast

著者： Benjamin L. Stewart PhD
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  • ELT Cast is an educational podcast of shared teaching and learning practices and perspectives as an English-as-a-foreign-language teacher trainer. Topics include 1) becoming a more effective, efficient, and engaging communicator of the English language; 2) discussing how languages are learned; 3) discussing educational theory; and 4) discussing teaching practice. This podcast is for informational and entertainment purposes only. The opinions expressed here are my personal views and do not represent the official position or endorsement of any other entity.

    benjaminlstewart.substack.com
    Benjamin L. Stewart
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あらすじ・解説

ELT Cast is an educational podcast of shared teaching and learning practices and perspectives as an English-as-a-foreign-language teacher trainer. Topics include 1) becoming a more effective, efficient, and engaging communicator of the English language; 2) discussing how languages are learned; 3) discussing educational theory; and 4) discussing teaching practice. This podcast is for informational and entertainment purposes only. The opinions expressed here are my personal views and do not represent the official position or endorsement of any other entity.

benjaminlstewart.substack.com
Benjamin L. Stewart
教育
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  • Analyzing Qualitative Data

    Analyzing Qualitative Data
    2025/04/21
    Notes to the talkHere is a brief that summarizes the main themes and important ideas discussed in the provided sources: an audio recording ("Data Analysis_042025.mp3") of a thesis seminar session and excerpts from a document titled "Making Sense of Stories: Analyzing Qualitative Data in ELT Teacher Training." The primary focus is on data analysis techniques, particularly qualitative coding, triangulation, and the potential for incorporating quantitative elements.I. Key Themes and Important Ideas:A. Importance of Completing Data Collection Before Analysis:* The seminar leader emphasizes that data analysis should only begin after all data collection is complete. "Today's discussion is about data analysis. All of you have collected or very close to having completed uh collecting all of your data and this is an important requirement to continue the process of data analysis... If you are still trying to collect some information, know that what we talk about today uh you need to wait."* Starting analysis prematurely, before all data is gathered, is considered a "mistake."B. Understanding the Purpose of Data Analysis:* Data analysis is crucial for understanding the collected data and determining what is relevant and significant to report in the results and discussion sections of the thesis.* It helps researchers move from a large amount of raw data to focused and insightful findings. "Think of it like this. All of you are at this point, you've collected, if not all, most of your data. So you have all this data that you've collected... Ahora con todo esta información which data is not relevant... So you're going to then include this circle represents now only the information that relates to your research questions... Now from your data analysis... you're going to then figure out ok of all this information that now is relevant to my study, what is worth What is including in mys discussion?"* Not all relevant data needs to be reported; the analysis helps identify the most "important, surprising, insightful, interesting" findings.C. The Concept and Importance of Triangulation:* Triangulation involves bringing together different data sources (e.g., interviews, observations, documents) to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the research topic.* It allows for comparison between what participants say they do/believe, what they actually do (observed), and their planning/reflection processes. "Think of this if it helps to look at it like this. Your um your information here is allowing you to compare different things. For example, what people say they do or believe... What do they actually do? Well, to know that, what do we have to do? Have to observe."* The seminar leader stresses the importance of having sufficient data to triangulate and encourages participants to address any concerns about this. "If anybody today right now has concerns about whether or not you have the types of data to allow you to triangulate, we need to have a discussion today."* The "Making Sense of Stories" document provides specific examples of triangulation in ELT teacher training research, such as comparing planned instructions in lesson plans with delivered instructions observed in the classroom. "Compare the planned instructions (document) with the delivered instructions (observation). Were planned ICQs actually used?"D. Introduction to Qualitative Coding:* Qualitative coding is defined as a systematic process of labeling and organizing segments of text data (transcriptions, observation notes, documents) to identify patterns, themes, and concepts relevant to the research questions. "The process of coding is the process of labeling text. Coding is a systematic way to make sense of rich, complex, and often messy reality of language."* All audio and video data must be transcribed into text before coding. Microsoft Word Online's transcription feature is suggested as a tool.* The coding process involves identifying text segments (words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs) that relate to the research questions and assigning specific labels or "codes" to them. "You're coding things that relate to your research questions... Porque estamos en este proceso distinguendo, tenemos que distinguir qué sirve para nuestro estudio, qué no sirve, vamos a dejarlo fuera."E. Levels of Qualitative Coding:* The seminar introduces a three-level inductive coding approach:* Level One (Initial Codes): Creating very specific labels directly from the text, the literature review, or using in vivo codes (participant's exact words). "The first you create... the code, the label comes from your literature review... Using a label a code directly. If anx dijo eso... Tú puedes seleccionar esta frase. ¿Qué lebo puedes poner? Anxious, anxiety."* Level Two (Categories): Grouping the initial, specific codes into broader, more conceptual categories. "When we finish, you should have a long list of codes. And so I would do it in something like Excel... Les Segundo nivel es ...
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    2 時間 28 分
  • Thesis Seminar Recap #9

    Thesis Seminar Recap #9
    2025/03/30
    The tutoring sessions across the provided excerpts consistently focused on guiding students through the crucial data collection phase of their thesis research. Several overarching themes and pieces of advice emerged:* Emphasis on Triangulation: A fundamental principle emphasized in almost every session was the importance of collecting data from multiple sources: observations, interviews, and documents [e.g., 28, 63, 166]. This triangulation is essential for robust and credible findings.* Alignment with Research Questions and Literature Review: Students were repeatedly reminded to ensure that their data collection efforts were directly aligned with their specific research questions [e.g., 50, 63, 153] and grounded in their literature review [e.g., 75, 111, 160]. They were advised to revisit their literature reviews, identify key terms and concepts [e.g., 66, 111, 160], and use these to guide their observations and interview questions [e.g., 75, 114].* Strategic Data Collection: The tutors stressed the need for a systematic approach to data collection. This involved planning and conducting focused interviews [e.g., 54, 114], taking detailed observation notes [e.g., 65, 71], and actively pursuing relevant documents [e.g., 28, 32, 63, 74, 166] such as lesson plans, syllabi, and student work.* Iterative Process and Flexibility: Data collection was presented as an iterative process of collecting, analyzing, and adapting [e.g., 52, 171]. Students were encouraged to review their collected data regularly to identify gaps, refine interview questions, and adjust their observation focus. Flexibility and proactive problem-solving were also emphasized [e.g., 104, 173].* Time Management and Deadlines: With the April 16th deadline for data collection approaching, effective time management and maximizing observation opportunities were consistently highlighted [e.g., 37, 104, 116, 159].* Preparation for Analysis and Writing: While the primary focus was on data collection, the tutors also provided preliminary guidance on preparing for data analysis (e.g., considering coding) and starting to think about the structure of the method section [e.g., 147, 148] and future writing stages [e.g., 150].* Utilizing Feedback and Resources: Students were directed to utilize the feedback provided during tutoring sessions [e.g., 129, 156], review recap videos [e.g., 38, 57, 138, 152, 174], and explore resources like Notebook LM for summarizing and gaining new perspectives on their work [e.g., 39, 57, 138, 152, 175].* Importance of Appendix: Students were instructed to include blank copies of their research instruments (consent forms, interview guides, observation sheets) in the appendix of their thesis document [e.g., 75, 106, 118, 140, 161].Insights for Proceeding Further During the Next Week (Concluding April 16, 2025):Given that the data collection phase is nearing its end (April 16th), students should prioritize the following actions based on the recurring advice from their tutoring sessions:* Finalize Data Collection: This is the last full week for collecting data before the suggested cut-off around April 11th or the firm deadline of April 16th. Students must maximize their remaining observation hours and conduct any planned final interviews [e.g., 37, 104, 159]. Proactive communication with teachers to schedule and confirm these sessions is crucial [e.g., 157, 173].* Secure Outstanding Documents: Any pending documents (lesson plans, syllabi, worksheets, etc.) are vital for triangulation. Students should make a concerted effort to obtain these materials this week [e.g., 74, 126, 168], following up with teachers and school administrators as needed [e.g., 169, 173], while being mindful of their time and communication preferences.* Review and Consolidate Collected Data: Students should dedicate time to review all the data they have gathered so far (observation notes, interview transcripts or notes, and documents) [e.g., 52, 170]. This review will help them identify any remaining gaps in their data, ensure they have sufficient information to address their research questions, and potentially refine their focus for any final data collection activities.* Reflect on Alignment with Research Questions and Literature: As they review their data, students should actively reflect on how the collected information aligns with their research questions and the key concepts discussed in their literature review [e.g., 75, 160]. Noting these connections will be essential for the analysis phase. If they identify areas where the data seems inconsistent with their theoretical framework, they should make note of this for further exploration in their analysis.* Organize and Prepare for Analysis: While formal coding might begin later, students can start organizing their data in a systematic way (e.g., by research question, by participant, by theme). Reviewing the resources on coding mentioned in some sessions [e.g., 22, 24, 158] might be beneficial to start ...
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    5 分
  • Thesis Seminar Recap 8

    Thesis Seminar Recap 8
    2025/03/24
    Thesis SeminarFrequently Asked Questions about Thesis Seminar - Week 8 Recap1. What should Thesis Seminar students be focused on as they move into week 9 (following March 24th, 2025)?By this stage, students should be actively engaged in data collection across various methods, including gathering documents and content, conducting interviews, facilitating focus groups and stimulated recall sessions, and performing classroom observations with detailed field notes and recordings. A primary focus should be ensuring that the collected data directly addresses their research questions and identifying any gaps in the data that might require further collection through additional documents, interviews, or observations.2. What resources are being provided to students to support their thesis work?Students will receive links to two primary AI-powered resources: Notebook LM and a podcast. Notebook LM is designed to provide AI-generated feedback based on the student's literature review, tutoring session summaries, and recordings. The podcast features an AI-generated discussion about the student's study, offering an external perspective on their work. Additionally, students will receive documents outlining briefing information, a timeline, and proposed options for presenting their findings later in the thesis process.3. How should students utilize the Notebook LM resource?The left-hand column of Notebook LM contains the inputs, primarily the student's literature review, tutoring session summaries, and recordings. Students should focus on the right-hand column, which provides the AI-generated outputs, including the podcast link and potentially other feedback. While the middle column might contain a general review, it is not the primary area of focus. Students should critically engage with the AI-generated podcast to see how others are discussing their study, identify potential inaccuracies, and consider different perspectives on their work.4. What is the purpose of the AI-generated podcast provided to students?The podcast offers an AI-generated conversation about the student's thesis research. The goal is to provide students with an opportunity to hear their study discussed from an external perspective, which can help them reflect on their progress, identify potential strengths and weaknesses, and consider different interpretations of their work. Students are encouraged to listen critically, noting areas of agreement and disagreement with the AI-generated commentary.5. Why are students being provided with information about presentation options at this stage of the thesis process?While students are not yet ready to write their findings due to ongoing data collection and the need for in-depth analysis, thinking about potential presentation formats at this stage can be beneficial. It allows students to consider different ways to communicate their research later on and can subtly influence how they collect and analyze their data to best suit their chosen presentation style.6. What should students keep in mind when conducting classroom observations and taking field notes?During classroom observations, students should aim to record as much observable behavior as possible, focusing on what participants are saying and doing. The goal is to capture a comprehensive record of the classroom activities. Later, students will review their field notes alongside their recordings to analyze the information, understand its relevance to their research questions, and determine what further data collection might be necessary.7. How important is the literature review at this stage of the thesis process?The literature review remains highly important. Students should regularly revisit their literature review, paying attention to key terms and concepts. When observing classes, they should actively look for instances where these key terms and concepts are evident, as well as noting instances where they are not. All observations should be linked back to the theoretical framework established in the literature review, ensuring that the data collected is relevant to the existing body of knowledge. Students who have pending comments on their literature review should address them and notify their instructor when it is ready for another review.8. What should students do if they encounter challenges or have questions during their data collection process?Students are strongly encouraged to reach out to their instructor immediately if they encounter any roadblocks, uncertainties about the next steps, or unexpected events that might affect their research. They should not wait until their next scheduled tutoring session to address these issues. Prompt communication ensures timely support and guidance to keep their thesis work on track. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit benjaminlstewart.substack.com
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    7 分

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