
Challenging Imperialism, Eurocentrism and Muslim Radicalism
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During the decline of the nineteenth century, Europe rose to a position of dominance worldwide. The European perspective on the Orient underwent a transformation, shifting frommedieval Mediterranean perceptions of being heretically confined" to being seen as barbaric and exotic, and eventually as despotic. The Orient became marginalised and seen as a forgotten entity, a survivor of history. However, one man stood in the way of total European domination of the Orient.
Mustafa Kemal (1881-1938), the sole individual who obstructed European imperialism in Turkey, emerged as a revered figure among his compatriots and a source of inspiration for countlessMuslims residing in the Middle East and India, who were subjected to British and French dominion. By triumphing over Britain and France, Kemal propelled Turkey to become the inaugural nation to overthrow European imperialism in theaftermath of the war.
Source:
M. Mustafa, Perceptions of the Other: Eurocentrism in the Historiography of Islam from the Medieval Period to theModern Era: Clash of Civilisations or Dialogue of Cultures? (Sydney: Centre for Ottoman Renaissance and Civilisation, 2025), 177-212.