『Chalcedon’s Definition and Canon 28』のカバーアート

Chalcedon’s Definition and Canon 28

Chalcedon’s Definition and Canon 28

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概要
Inside the church of St Euphemia at Chalcedon, the council opened on 8 October 451 by reading the Acts of Ephesus (449), earlier proceedings on Flavian and Eutyches, and letters that set the dispute in motion. Bishops, imperial commissioners, and state officials gathered to settle Christological doctrine and the standing of earlier decisions. ⚖️📜 The decisive rupture came when Dioscorus was summoned three times on 13 October and did not appear. His absence allowed the council to condemn and depose him, reversing the settlement made at Ephesus and turning a doctrinal controversy into a formal judgment on obedience, authority, and episcopal rank. The story is grounded in the Acts: petitions, formal sentences, acclamations, letters, the Nicene Creed, the creed of Constantinople, Cyril’s letters, Leo’s Tome, and the definition written by a committee on 22 October. On 31 October, Canon 28 was adopted, and the Roman legates protested its ranking of Constantinople immediately after Rome. The lingering question is how far Chalcedon’s outcome reflected theological agreement, imperial direction, or the documentary record preserved by later editing, especially given the tensions over Dioscorus and Canon 28. Jewels of History examines how the council defined Christ, how authority was exercised, and why the settlement remained contested.
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