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Zoonoses encompass diseases or infections transmissible between vertebrate animals and humans, while dermatozoonoses represent a specific subset of these conditions, manifesting as dermatoses in humans. Although relatively rare compared to all zoonoses, these diseases are of crucial importance due to their regular occurrence and their inclusion in many differential diagnoses, both in human and veterinary medicine.

The agents responsible for these conditions are varied, including fungi, parasites, bacteria, and viruses. In urban environments, pets such as dogs, cats, rodents, and birds are the main vectors of transmission. The populations most at risk include pet owners, animal health professionals, breeders, and anyone in close contact with animals.

Among specific dermatozoonoses, dermatophytoses, or ringworms, are fungal infections caused by zoophilic dermatophyte fungi, frequently transmitted by cats, often asymptomatic carriers. Scabies, whether sarcoptic, notoedric, or due to Cheyletiella, are highly pruritic parasitic conditions, with variable modes of transmission and clinical manifestations depending on the animal species and the causative agent. Pulicoses, or flea infestations, although not always direct zoonoses, cause hypersensitivity dermatitis in humans.

Other conditions, such as cutaneous larva migrans, furcocercarial dermatitis, leishmaniasis, cat scratch disease, pasteurellosis, and cowpox virosis, also contribute to the spectrum of dermatozoonoses, each with its specificities in terms of causative agents, modes of transmission, and clinical manifestations.

Beyond dermatozoonoses, some non-dermatological parasitic zoonoses, such as cystic echinococcosis, visceral and ocular larva migrans, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, dirofilariasis, and toxoplasmosis, represent significant public health challenges.

Transmission of these zoonoses occurs through various modes, including bites, scratches, direct contact, exposure to animal secretions, inhalation, contact with vectors, and exposure to contaminated environments. Prevention relies on rigorous hygiene measures, regular deworming of animals, avoidance of contact with infected animals, and close collaboration between human and animal health professionals.

Diagnosis of dermatozoonoses involves a combined approach, including medical history, clinical examination, and specific laboratory tests for the suspected pathogen.