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Kidneys perform remarkable daily functions, filtering 50 gallons of blood while balancing electrolytes, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that affect bone health and red blood cell production.

• Diabetes and high blood pressure are the leading causes of kidney disease, damaging delicate blood vessels in the kidneys
• Other causes include glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, recurrent infections, blockages, and certain medications including NSAIDs
• Early warning signs include fatigue, unexplained swelling, changes in urination patterns, foamy urine, persistent itching, and hard-to-control blood pressure
• African Americans face a 4x higher risk of kidney failure compared to white Americans, with significant disparities also affecting Hispanic/Latino and Native American populations
• The five stages of CKD are defined by eGFR levels and protein in urine, with symptoms typically appearing around stage 3
• Complications extend far beyond the kidneys, affecting the cardiovascular system, bones, brain function, and overall quality of life
• Management focuses on controlling underlying conditions, dietary modifications, exercise, and avoiding nephrotoxic substances
• Dialysis options include hemodialysis (typically 3 times weekly at a center) and peritoneal dialysis (performed daily at home)
• One in seven American adults has CKD, but 90% don't know they have it
• Regular screening is crucial for those with risk factors, as early detection allows for interventions that can significantly slow progression

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