The Mid-Backswing Position, known as P3, occurs when the lead arm is parallel to the ground and the club begins to hinge. It marks the moment when energy is stored, sequence and swing plane emerge, and the player’s biomechanical DNA becomes visible. Within the BioSwing Dynamics framework, golfers are categorized as Upper Core, Middle Core, or Lower Core—each showing distinct movement patterns and hinge types that define the efficiency of the swing’s transition.

Upper Core Golfers

These players move more vertically, relying on arms and shoulders as dominant levers. Their P3 is defined by elevation: the hands are higher and farther from the body, the club shaft sits upright above the shoulder plane, and the wrists create a diagonal hinge. The shoulders rotate strongly while the lower body stays quiet, storing energy through upper-body coil. This structure promotes height and a top-down delivery into the downswing.

Middle Core Golfers

Middle Core players show balance and connection between torso and arms. Their motion favors a neutral plane and a horizontal hinge. At P3, the lead arm aligns with the mid-chest, hands remain close to the body, and the club shaft runs parallel to or slightly above the shoulder line. Shoulder and hip rotation stay synchronized, creating an early X-Factor without tension. The lower body turns slightly, loading pressure into the trail glute and heel. This compact structure ensures a fluid transition and consistent plane control.

Lower Core Golfers

Lower Core players use the ground early, coiling energy through hips and lower spine. Their P3 appears deeper and more rotational, with the lead arm traveling behind the torso and the hands moving around rather than upward. The club sets flatter and more horizontal, often below the shoulder line, supported by a vertical hinge. The hips rotate early, weight loads into the trail heel, and energy is stored from the ground up—ideal for a shallower, rotary transition and strong impact dynamics.

Wrist Hinges by Core Type

Each core type hinges differently: Upper Core golfers employ a diagonal hinge, Middle Core golfers hinge horizontally, and Lower Core golfers hinge vertically. These hinge styles match the player’s natural motion—steep for elevation, neutral for balance, and flat for rotation.

Lower Body Action at P3

The lower body mirrors the player’s core type. Upper Core golfers maintain stability with minimal hip movement; Middle Core golfers rotate slightly with centered pressure; Lower Core golfers rotate deeply into the trail hip. These variations define how energy transfers through impact.

What P3 Reveals

P3 is a diagnostic checkpoint. It reveals whether a golfer’s motion is vertical, neutral, or grounded; whether power builds through shoulder coil or from the ground up; and how effectively sequencing and hinge patterns match their biomechanical profile. For coaches, identifying a player’s P3 type unlocks the blueprint for efficient energy transfer and repeatable ball-striking.

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