『698. Exploring Civilization: The Rise and Fall of Golden Ages with Johan Norberg』のカバーアート

698. Exploring Civilization: The Rise and Fall of Golden Ages with Johan Norberg

698. Exploring Civilization: The Rise and Fall of Golden Ages with Johan Norberg

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 Johan Norberg is a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and a prolific author of several books. His latest titles are Peak Human: What We Can Learn From History’s Greatest Civilizations and Open: The Story of Human Progress.Greg and Johan discuss the overall reasons why civilizations rise and fall. Johan argues progress is not linear and depends on ideas and institutions that sustain openness to trade, migration, experimentation, and free expression. He explains how decline follows insularity, tribalism, and veto coalitions of incumbents protecting their positions (Cardwell’s law). They also discuss reasons why modern publics are pessimistic including recent shocks (financial crisis, terrorism, pandemic, war), loss of Western centrality, and a 24-hour news/social media threat bias, and how zero-sum intuitions and status concerns fuel populism and backlash against immigration. Johan emphasizes smoother transitions via work access, retraining, and integration, notes Rome’s longevity owed to strategic tolerance and absorption of talent, and contends populism often fails but can still greatly damage institutions before being rejected.*unSILOed Podcast is produced by University FM.*Episode Guide:00:00 Welcome and Books01:03 Progress Versus Decline04:47 Why We Feel Pessimistic08:43 Tribalism and Human Nature11:08 How Golden Ages Begin14:40 Elites Populism and Openness17:21 Zero Sum Thinking21:10 Compensating Losers Status26:54 Why Study History Now28:26 Rome Immigration Myth32:15 Founding Myths and Identity34:39 Nationalism and Integration38:36 Populism Outlook and Hope40:38 China Cycles of Openness42:48 Why Openness Clusters45:14 Closing ThanksEpisode Quotes:Populism and its consequences38:51: The best and the worst thing about populism is that it doesn't work. It's so easy to promise everything, "And I'll fix all your problems instantly. It's only these corrupt elites who failed you." Well, the proof of the pudding is in the eating. And once you reach positions of power, it's much more difficult to actually accomplish great things. We've seen studies done over a 100-year period that, countries run by populists who've promised them to give them everything, their economies declined after a decade or so by some 15% compared to other similar economies. And that tells you that eventually people are bound to see through these populists and say that, "Look, he wasn't all that he claimed to be." But on the other hand, they might have created some serious problems until then. And in certain countries, they've dismantled democratic institutions and checks and balances to stay in power once people begin to see the damage that they've done.The trader vs. the tribalist10:46: I think that world history can sometimes be read as: Do we channel the trader within who opens up new avenues for collaboration and exchange and opportunity and innovation? Or do we suddenly become worried about the world so that we shut those doors and we begin to hunt for scapegoats and enemy threats?Why does a successful society resist change?When you succeed, someone wants to protect their own success. So if you're an intellectual, the intellectual elite, the priests or economic incumbents, monopolies, guilds, trade unions, or political elites, they built their success on a certain way of building, producing, and understanding the world, so they don't want more change. So you kind of accumulate these veto coalitions, pressure groups, special interests who dislike further change. And it's not necessarily ideas. It's more like they're just protecting their position.Show Links:Recommended Resources:Samuel HuntingtonClassical AthensCardwell's LawSong DynastyPareto EfficiencyRoman EmpireClaudiusRomulusXi JinpingGuest Profile:Faculty Profile at The Cato InstitutePersonal Website JohanNorberg.netWikipedia ProfileSocial Profile on XSocial Profile on InstagramGuest Work:Amazon Author PagePeak Human: What We Can Learn From History’s Greatest CivilizationsOpen: The Story of Human ProgressThe Capitalist ManifestoIn Defense of Global CapitalismProgress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the FutureFinancial Fiasco: How America's Infatuation With Homeownership and Easy Money Created the Financial CrisisIf you enjoyed this show, here are some other unSILOed episodes you may like:669: Francis Fukuyama - Liberalism and Discontent: Exploring Modern Democracy589: Walter Scheidel - Reenvisioning The Study of Ancient HistoryGuido TabelliniJames A. RobinsonJoel Mokyr Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
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