Malaria Vaccines Gain Momentum Across Africa, Boosting Elimination Efforts
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Malaria Vaccines Gain Momentum Across Africa, Boosting Elimination Efforts
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As of early April 2025, the rollout of the RTS,S and R21 malaria vaccines is progressing steadily. The World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified the RTS,S vaccine in July 2022, and the R21 vaccine in December 2023, ensuring their safety and quality. Currently, 19 countries in Africa, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, and others, are incorporating these vaccines into their childhood immunization programs and national malaria control plans[1].
The demand for these vaccines is unprecedented, with at least 30 African countries planning to introduce them into their immunization programs. The availability of two effective vaccines has ensured sufficient supply to meet this high demand, benefiting children in areas where malaria poses a major public health risk[1].
The RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M vaccines have demonstrated their efficacy in reducing malaria cases. The RTS,S vaccine has shown a modest efficacy of approximately 33–36% in reducing clinical malaria cases over four years, although its protection wanes without booster doses. It has a favorable safety profile, with mild injection site reactions and transient fever being the most common adverse events[2].
Despite the progress, challenges remain. The efficacy of these vaccines can vary depending on the genetics of the local *P. falciparum* population, and there is ongoing concern about the emergence of drug-resistant strains and new variants of mosquitoes. However, the introduction and scaling up of these vaccines are seen as crucial in enhancing global malaria elimination efforts[3].
In a broader context, malaria-related mortality in Africa has decreased significantly, from 808,000 in 2000 to 580,000 in 2022, thanks to innovative public health measures. Nine African countries have already eradicated malaria, but the fight is far from over due to threats from climate change and emerging resistant strains[3].
The WHO and other health organizations continue to emphasize the importance of using these vaccines in conjunction with other control interventions, such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and effective case management, to achieve optimal results in reducing malaria transmission[4].
As more countries prepare to introduce and scale up the use of these vaccines in 2025, the global health community remains hopeful that these efforts will significantly contribute to the ultimate goal of malaria elimination.