検索キーワード： 生物学

Quando e dove è iniziata la vita? E a cosa somigliavano le prime forme di vita? Interrogativi che l'uomo si pone da sempre, per i quali, pur in mancanza di risposte definitive, si possono avanzare alcune ipotesi. Come quella che colloca l'origine della vita intorno a 3,8 miliardi di anni fa, in un contesto riconducibile a uno di questi ambienti: brodo primordiale, campi geotermali, siti di impatto meteoritico. Certo è che le tessere del più grande e affascinante dei puzzle restano RNA, amminoacidi, protogeni, protocellule.

La storia del nostro pianeta è inscindibilmente legata alla storia della vita sulla terra e alla sua straordinaria varietà. Senza la biodiversità la vita scomparirebbe. Nell'immensa comunità naturale di cui facciamo parte essa infatti consente a tutti i suoi componenti di modificarsi moltiplicando le strategie di sopravvivenza per adattarsi alla mutevolezza dei contesti. L'autore analizza dapprima strutture e funzioni della biodiversità - a tutti i livelli della biosfera tra loro interconnessi e complementari - dalle molecole agli organismi, alle specie, agli ecosistemi.

Da sempre l'uomo ha selezionato piante, animali, microrganismi per soddisfare i suoi bisogni. Oggi le biotecnologie avanzate permettono di trasferire geni fra organismi che non è possibile incrociare naturalmente, ma con effetti altamente imprevedibili. Il volume, ripresentato in edizione aggiornata, muove da una descrizione dei meccanismi che regolano il delicato equilibrio alla base della vita e spiega perché occorre essere cauti quando lo si modifica drasticamente.

Siamo abituati a concepire la Storia come il susseguirsi sanguinoso di imperi e dinastie. Ma il cammino dell'uomo può essere studiato anche in ambiti specifici del suo ingegno - nell'arte, nella filosofia o nelle scienze. Questo audiolibro propone una chiave molto stimolante attraverso cui "ricapitolare" la storia dell'umanità: quella che vede l'essenza del nostro genere nell'"essere artefice". Perché, a pensarci bene, dietro ogni passo dell'uomo c'è sempre un'invenzione o un manufatto che ha avuto nei secoli imprevedibili sviluppi.

Comment à partir d'une toute petite cellule unique, est-il possible d'obtenir un organisme aussi complexe que celui d'un être vivant ? Par quel phénomène fascinant passe-t-on de l'embryon à l'Homme ? Ce sont ces interrogations qui ont accompagnées Nicole Le Douarin tout au long de son parcours scientifique. Cette grande biologiste française s'est notamment distinguée par ses travaux sur les chimères, ces êtres hybrides qu'elle a elle-même conçus en injectant des cellules de caille dans un embryon de poulet.

Extrêmement complexe, notre cerveau livre peu à peu ses mystères grâce aux recherches récentes. On connaît mieux aujourd'hui l'ensemble du système nerveux, la structure du cerveau, les éléments qui le composent, et, contrairement aux idées reçues, ses indéniables capacités d'évolution, voire de régénération. Grand régulateur des fonctions vitales (respiration ou sommeil), siège des fonctions évoluées (langage ou pensée), le cerveau peut être victime de dérèglements dramatiques.

Why was gin and tonic the cocktail of choice for British colonists in India and Africa? What does Starbucks have to thank for its global domination? What has protected the lives of popes for millennia? Why did Scotland surrender its sovereignty to England? What was George Washington's secret weapon during the American Revolution? The answer to all these questions, and many more, is the mosquito. Driven by surprising insights and fast-paced storytelling, The Mosquito is the extraordinary untold story of the mosquito’s reign through human history.

Long Litt Woon met Eiolf a month after arriving in Norway from Malaysia as an exchange student. They fell in love, married, and settled into domestic bliss. Then Eiolf’s unexpected death at 54 left Woon struggling to imagine a life without the man who had been her partner and anchor for 32 years. Adrift in grief, she signed up for a beginner’s course on mushrooming - a course the two of them had planned to take together - and found, to her surprise, that the pursuit of mushrooms rekindled her zest for life.

We have lost the war on cancer. We spend $150 billion each year treating it, yet - a few innovations notwithstanding - a patient with cancer is as likely to die of it as one was 50 years ago. Most new drugs add mere months to one's life at agonizing physical and financial cost. In The First Cell, Azra Raza offers a searing account of how both medicine and our society (mis)treats cancer, how we can do better, and why we must. 

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution now forms the basis for all the life sciences, but it ignited widespread controversy upon its 1859 publication. The idea that humans and animals might have evolved from a common source came as a shock to readers at the time, and people struggle with the implications of Darwin’s theory to this day. But Darwin foresaw this resistance and argued his case with extensive examples and rigorous logic - and his theory continues to push us toward a deeper understanding of life on Earth.

In Survival of the Prettiest, Nancy Etcoff, a faculty member at Harvard Medical School and a practicing psychologist at Massachusetts General Hospital, argues that beauty is neither a cultural construction, an invention of the fashion industry, nor a backlash against feminism - it's in our biology.    

In The Marsh Builders, Sharon Levy delves into the intertwined histories of wetlands loss and water pollution. The book's springboard is the tale of a years-long citizen uprising in Humboldt County, California, which led to the creation of one of the first US wetlands designed to treat city sewage. The book explores the global roots of this local story: the cholera epidemics that plagued 19th-century Europe; the researchers who invented modern sewage treatment after bumbling across the insight that microbes break down pollutants in water; and more.

In The Rise of Yeast, Nicholas P. Money argues that we cannot ascribe too much importance to yeast, and that its discovery and controlled use profoundly altered human history. Humans knew what yeast did long before they knew what it was. It was not until Louis Pasteur's experiments in the 1860s that scientists even acknowledged its classification as a fungus. A compelling blend of science, history, and sociology, The Rise of Yeast explores the rich, strange, and utterly symbiotic relationship between people and yeast.

This Very Short Introduction uncovers the history of our understanding of sexual selection, from Darwin's key insights to the modern day. Considering the investment animals place on reproduction, variation in mating systems, sexual conflict, and the origin of sexual dimorphism, authors Marlene Zuk and Leigh Simmons discuss questions such as whether females can really choose between males on aesthetic grounds and how sexual conflict is resolved in different species. 

In Best of the Brain, top neuroscientist Floyd E. Bloom has selected the most fascinating brain-related articles from Scientific American and Scientific American Mind since 1999. Bloom garnishes the impressive lineup with his own introduction. The articles are grouped in three sections: "Mind", "Matter", and "Tomorrow's Brain".

It has been remarked that if the brain were so simple we could understand it, we would be so simple we couldn’t. Commencing with a brief history of neuroscience, from the ancient practice of drilling holes in the head to relieve headaches to the latest results from MRI and CT scans, this accessible guide sets out to explore exactly what we do know about the brain. Including the most up-to-date research on the cerebral processes, this entertaining introduction assumes no previous scientific knowledge.

The world's largest land mammal could help us end cancer. The fastest bird is showing us how to solve a century-old engineering mystery. The oldest tree is giving us insights into climate change. The loudest whale is offering clues about the impact of solar storms. For a long time, scientists ignored superlative life forms as outliers. Increasingly, though, researchers are coming to see great value in studying plants and animals that exist on the outermost edges of the bell curve. 

Most of us have heard of such popular butterflies as the Monarch or Painted Lady. But what about the Fender's Blue? Or the St. Francis' Satyr? Because of their extreme rarity, these butterflies are not well-known, yet they are remarkable species with important lessons to teach us. The Last Butterflies spotlights the rarest of these creatures - some numbering no more than what can be held in one hand. 

Is the five-second rule legitimate? Are electric hand dryers really bacteria blowers? How gross is backwash? When it comes to food safety and germs, there are as many common questions as there are misconceptions. And yet there has never been a book that clearly examines the science behind these important issues - until now.

Acclaimed nature writer Susan Hand Shetterly opens a window into the world of this fascinating organism by providing an elegant, often poetic, look at life on the rugged shore of the Gulf of Maine. Shetterly offers a close look at the life cycle of seaweed and introduces us to the men and women who farm and harvest it - and their increasingly difficult task of protecting this critical natural resource against forces both natural and man-made.