検索キーワード： 歴史・理論

In The Four Ages of American Foreign Policy, Michael Mandelbaum offers a new framework for understanding the evolution of the foreign policy of the United States. He divides that evolution into four distinct periods, with each defined by the consistent increase in American power relative to other countries. His history of the four periods features engaging accounts of the major events and important personalities in the foreign policy of each era.

Se é inegável que entende melhor o presente quem conhece o passado, é fundamental conhecer o integralismo para compreender a essência do bolsonarismo. Sim, o Brasil teve um movimento fascista e anticomunista na sua história na mesma época de Mussolini e Hitler. Fundado pelo deputado e jornalista Plínio Salgado, a Ação Integralista Brasileira foi o maior movimento fascista fora da Europa entre os anos 1920 e 1940–e também o maior movimento de extrema-direita no país até o surgimento de Jair Bolsonaro. Era uma organização nacionalista, autoritária e tradicionalista.

The historical significance of Queens in India is that they present to us another side of the story when looking at the monarchy in India.

Throughout history, totalitarians have recognized the importance of propagandizing the rising generation in order to maintain and increase the state's power. This tendency to consider children as part of some dystopian collective is sadly prevalent in the so-called "land of the free" as well.

Writing as an observer of political history, but also as someone with an opinion, acclaimed political broadcaster Iain Dale charts the main events of the last few hundred years, with one event per day.

We Are Not One People is a bold, pathbreaking, and far-reaching account of disunionists from 1776 to the present who wanted, as phrased in the Declaration of Independence, "to dissolve the political bands" connecting them to other Americans.

On July 18, 1924, a mob in Tehran killed US foreign service officer Robert Whitney Imbrie. His violent death, the first political murder in the history of the service, outraged the American people. Though Imbrie’s loss briefly made him a cause célèbre, subsequent events quickly obscured his extraordinary life and career.

Nos llega desde Colombia una nueva propuesta para pensar los resortes y alcances del poder. Bruno Maduro empezó a darle vueltas al asunto ya a principios de los '90, mientras trabajaba como docente en las comunidades indígenas que sufrían y resistían a la violencia político-militar. Luego fue trenzando con esa experiencia la lectura de un sinfín de fuentes, traídas desde la antropología política, la filosofía y el psicoanálisis.

The 2010s were a decade of foodbanks, riots, and the rebirth of political alternatives. Looking to escape a future of rising debt, falling living standards and climate meltdown, a set of movements were born. A new wave of optimistic, radical young people were building mass movements outside the political bubble, rejecting the neo-liberal consensus and the enrichment of the 1%, and laying the foundations of a new left. Eight years later, Bernie Sanders was favorite to clinch the Democratic Party nomination, and Jeremy Corbyn and Momentum had taken over the Labour Party in Britain.

Written by cohosts of the hit Death Panel podcast and longtime disability justice and healthcare activists Beatrice Adler-Bolton and Artie, Health Communism first examines how capital has instrumentalized health, disability, madness, and illness to create a class seen as "surplus," regarded as a fiscal and social burden. Demarcating the healthy from the surplus, the worker from the "unfit" to work, the authors argue, serves not only to undermine solidarity but to mark whole populations for extraction by the industries that have emerged to manage and contain this "surplus" population.

Appealing to a range of audiences, it covers more than 650 years of momentous history through the use of both famous and lesser known events which shaped Britain. Using original documents and detailed research undertaken by The National Archives' record specialists, it will cover moments in history which led to fundamental changes in eras. It will also include unique discoveries from these archives, uncovering mysteries and stories of how dealing with treason have brought about the changes which have influenced and shaped Britain throughout the centuries.

In Death by Dogma, Griffith explains that the Left's dogmatic insistence that everyone behave in a cooperative and loving way makes its advocates feel good, but it oppresses and stifles the freedom of expression needed to find knowledge, ultimately self-knowledge, the redeeming understanding of the human condition that actually brings about a cooperative and loving world. Dogma is not the cure; it's the poison, because it blocks the search for the rehabilitating understanding of ourselves that's needed to actually save the world.

La extrema derecha está dejando de raparse la cabeza y cada vez emplea menos el saludo romano; ahora se pone traje y corbata, y, junto al emoji de carita sonriente y el de la taza de café, continúa la cadena de fake news y comparte los titulares con mayor clickbait que le han llegado a través de sus redes sociales para dar los buenos días. Aunque aquella resulta clara y llanamente amenazadora, la nueva versión encierra peligros que pasan fácilmente inadvertidos.

Democracy is in trouble. Populism is a common scapegoat, but not the root cause. More basic are social and economic transformations eroding the foundations of democracy, ruling elites trying to lock in their own privilege, and cultural perversions like making individualistic freedom the enemy of democracy's other crucial ideals of equality and solidarity. In Degenerations of Democracy, three of our most prominent intellectuals investigate democracy gone awry, locate our points of fracture, and suggest paths to democratic renewal.

Elisabeth R. Anker reckons with the complex legacy of freedom offered by liberal American democracy, outlining how the emphasis of individual liberty has always been entangled with white supremacy, settler colonialism, climate destruction, economic exploitation, and patriarchy. These "ugly freedoms" legitimate the right to exploit and subjugate others. At the same time, Anker locates an unexpected second type of ugly freedom in practices and situations, often dismissed as demeaning, offensive, gross, and ineffectual, but that provide sources of emancipatory potential.

Estados Unidos como potencia económica es objeto de deseo mundial. Tanto entre las elites, que lo ven como lo más cercano a la utopía del libre mercado, la competencia y la privatización, como entre los más pobres, embebidos por un incesante imperialismo cultural que les graba a fuego el American Dream de la tierra de las oportunidades. Sin embargo, la realidad difiere bastante de la imagen que Washington proyecta ante el mundo, especialmente en el caso de la clase media y trabajadora.

"El hombre nace libre y, sin embargo, por todas partes se encuentra encadenado." En El contrato social, Rousseau explora el concepto de libertad y las estructuras políticas que pueden permitir que las personas la adquieran. Argumenta que el poder soberano de un estado no reside en ningún gobernante sino en la voluntad de la población en general. Rousseau argumenta que el estado ideal sería una democracia directa donde la toma de decisiones ejecutivas la llevan a cabo ciudadanos reunidos en asamblea, como lo harían en la antigua ciudad-estado de Atenas.

The story of Hong Kong has long been obscured by competing myths- to Britain, a 'barren rock' with no appreciable history; to China, a part of Chinese soil from time immemorial that had at last returned to the ancestral fold. To its inhabitants, the city was a place of refuge and rebellion, whose own history was so little taught that they began mythmaking their own past.

Tired of the endless name-calling during political campaigns—and in between, too? Words have meanings, and insults don’t help us understand what socialism or capitalism mean, or how democracy affects both. The mission of Socialism, Capitalism and Democracy is to provide clarity on each philosophy, by providing examples of how each affects our economy and individual lives. Topics include property, profits, optimism (versus pessimism), self- and selfish-interest, economic voting, complexity, and more.

Throughout history, the concept of command—as both a way to achieve objectives and as an assertion of authority—has been essential to military action and leadership. But, as Sir Lawrence Freedman shows, it is also deeply political. Military command has been reconstructed and revolutionized since the Second World War by nuclear warfare, small-scale guerrilla land operations and cyber interference. Freedman takes a global perspective, systematically investigating its practice and politics since 1945 through a wide range of conflicts.