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In Spain: What Everyone Needs to Know, a timely addition to Oxford's What Everyone Needs to Know series, veteran journalist William Chislett provides political and historical context for Spain's current economic and political predicament. Chislett recounts the country's fascinating and often...

With Germany being pushed back across Europe the Allied forces looked to press their advantage with Operation Market-Garden, a massive airborne assault that, if successful, could have shortened the war in the west considerably. The ground advance consisted of an armoured thrust by the British XXX Corps, while the US 82nd and 101st US Airborne Divisions secured the bridges at Eindhoven and Nijmegen and the British 1st Airborne Division and Polish 1st Airborne Brigade were tasked with seizing the final bridge at Arnhem to secure the route. What they did not realise was that the 9. SS and 10.

Field Marshal Montgomery's plan to get Second British Army behind the fortifications of the German Siegfried Line in 1944 led to the hugely ambitious Operation Market-Garden. Part of this plan called for a rapid advance from Belgium through Holland up to and across the lower Rhine by the British XXX Corps along a single road already dominated by airborne troops. Their objective along this road was the bridge at Arnhem, the target of British and Polish airborne troops. Once XXX Corps had reached this bridge it would then make for the German industrial area of the Ruhr.

Am 19. Juli 1936 besteigt General Francisco Franco ein Flugzeug in Richtung Tetuán, um sich einem Aufstand gegen die spanische Republik anzuschließen. Spontan brechen mutige Freiwillige aus mehr als fünfzig Ländern auf, um Spanien gegen den faschistischen Umsturz zu verteidigen. Spontan beschließen Zehntausende Freiwillige aus aller Welt, Spanien im heraufziehenden Bürgerkrieg beizustehen. Es sind Künstler, Reporterinnen, Intellektuelle und Verfolgte, es sind Helfer und Krankenschwestern, Idealistinnen und Abenteurer.

Mary Fulbrook's encompassing book explores the lives of individuals across a full spectrum of suffering and guilt, each one capturing one small part of the greater story. Using "reckoning" in the widest possible sense to evoke how the consequences of violence have expanded almost infinitely through time. Fulbrook exposes the disjuncture between official myths about "dealing with the past" and the extent to which the vast majority of Nazi perpetrators evaded responsibility.

What is fascism? By focusing on the concrete, what the fascists did rather than what they said, the esteemed historian Robert O. Paxton answers this question for the first time. From the first violent uniformed bands beating up "enemies of the state", through Mussolini's rise to power, to Germany's fascist radicalization in World War II, Paxton shows clearly why fascists came to power in some countries and not others.

The mysticism and fairy folklore of Celtic England, Scotland, the Isle of Man, Brittany, and Wales is explored in this production, which focuses on interviews conducted with everyday citizens about their beliefs, sightings, and encounters in the early 20th century, followed by an anthropological examination of evidence. It is an exploration of the spirit world, of the Sidhe, the "good people", who are claimed to interact mischievously with the populace - sometimes even abducting them and leaving only the victims' clothes behind, transporting them far distances, and killing livestock.

A Bridge Too Far is Cornelius Ryan’s masterly chronicle of the Battle of Arnhem, which marshaled the greatest armada of troop-carrying aircraft ever assembled and cost the Allies nearly twice as many casualties as D-day. In this compelling work of history, Ryan narrates the Allied effort to end the war in Europe in 1944 by dropping the combined airborne forces of the American and British armies behind German lines to capture the crucial bridge across the Rhine at Arnhem. Focusing on a vast cast of characters, Ryan brings to life one of the most ill-fated operations of the war.

Historica Isabel Casteels las duizenden beschrijvingen van terechtstellingen, geschreven door de aanwezigen zelf, en laat voor het eerst zien wat mensen er écht van vonden. In tegenstelling tot wat we denken, zag het publiek een executie niet als vermaak, maar als een serieuze en belangrijke zaak. Met een kritisch oog keek het volk naar wat zich op het schavot afspeelde. Het publiek was geen bloeddorstige menigte, maar vervuld van compassie met de veroordeelde.

De la bulle avortée de 1365 à la fondation calvinienne de 1559, ce livre audio retrace la naissance puis l’essor de l’Université de Genève comme matrice d’une cité lettrée et d’une Europe réformée, entre ambitions savoyardes, résistances épiscopales et volontarisme communal. On y voit Calvin et Théodore de Bèze transformer une “grande eschole” en un système complet, du Collège aux “lectures publiques”, réglé par des statuts exigeants, un calendrier d’études progressif et un recrutement international.

Een vlaag van natte hond wurmt zich door dikke blauwe wierookwolken in de Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk. De penetrante geur van lijken in ontbinding vermengt zich met de parfumwalm van opgetutte kooplui. Aan een van de tientallen zijaltaren rinkelt voor de honderdste keer een bel. Orgelspel en klokkengelui overstemmen de kreet van een marktkramer bij het portaal. In het schemerduister, langs monumentale schilderijen en fluwelen gordijnen, turen heiligen naar de wirwar van kerkgangers.

¿Sabía que Cataluña fue una de las regiones más taurinas y donde se recogen los testimonios más antiguos de las corridas de toros en España? ¿O que una de las hijas de El Cid se casó con un conde de Barcelona? ¿Y que soldados catalanes lucharon para el Imperio español desde la Patagonia hasta Alaska? Las historias de los pueblos están llenas de tópicos, falsas leyendas… y olvidos. El Principado de Cataluña no podía ser menos.

Beethoven imbibed Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas in his hometown of Bonn, where they were fervently discussed in cafes and at the university. Moving to Vienna at the age of 21 to study with Haydn, he gained renown as a brilliant pianist and innovative composer. In that conservative city, capital of the Hapsburg empire, authorities were ever watchful to curtail and punish overt displays of radical political views. Nevertheless, Beethoven avidly followed the meteoric rise of Napoleon.

Com estimem, els catalans? En l'imaginari col·lectiu han quedat enregistrades un munt de llegendes que en parlen. Històries fantàstiques que narren amors entre gegants i donzelles, dones d'aigua i hereus de masies, pastors i sirenes. Fruit de la passió d'aquests darrers amants nasqué l'Empordà. Sirenes que sovint eren dones desterrades del món aspre dels homes i que trobaren l'amor lliure al mar. No són poques, tampoc, les llegendes d'amor entre dones i pirates, entre sarraïns i cristianes, la qual cosa demostra que l'afecte pot fer superar qualsevol barrera.

On August 10, 1632, five men in flowing black robes convened in a somber Roman palazzo to pass judgment on a deceptively simple proposition: that a continuous line is composed of distinct and infinitely tiny parts. With the stroke of a pen the Jesuit fathers banned the doctrine of infinitesimals, announcing that it could never be taught or even mentioned. The concept was deemed dangerous and subversive, a threat to the belief that the world was an orderly place, governed by a strict and unchanging set of rules.

Spanning the years 1940 to 1965, Defender of the Realm, the third volume of William Manchester’s The Last Lion, picks up shortly after Winston Churchill became prime minister - when his tiny island nation stood alone against the overwhelming might of Nazi Germany. The Churchill portrayed by Manchester and Reid is a man of indomitable courage, lightning-fast intellect, and an irresistible will to action.

In Volume VI (Chapters LVII - LXXI), Gibbon ends his masterful history by charting the rise of the Turkish nation and the birth of the Ottoman Empire, which becomes an unstoppable force as it eventually captures the remains of the Eastern Empire. Weakened under the continuing schism of the Greek and Latin Christians, the strategically important site of Constantinople becomes an easy target for Sultan Mohammed II much to the consternation and apathy of the West.

 The Wealth and Poverty of Nations is David S. Landes' acclaimed, best-selling exploration of one of the most contentious and hotly debated questions of our time: Why do some nations achieve economic success while others remain mired in poverty? The answer, as Landes definitively illustrates, is a complex interplay of cultural mores and historical circumstance.  

Simon Schama explores the mysterious contradictions of the Dutch nation that invented itself from the ground up, attained an unprecedented level of affluence, and lived in constant dread of being corrupted by happiness. Drawing on a vast array of period documents and sumptuously reproduced art, Schama recreates in precise detail a nation's mental state. He tells of bloody uprisings and beached whales, of the cult of hygiene and the plague of tobacco, of thrifty housewives and profligate tulip-speculators.

The bestselling author of The Parasitic Mind shows why empathy in politics leads to civilizational collapse. What happens when a society elevates victimhood to a virtue and decides that punishment is cruel? You get the disease Dr. Gad Saad calls suicidal empathy. And the West may be terminally...