検索キーワード： 認識論

This collection brings together history, science, philosophy and comedy to explore our age-old search for meaning. We live in an age of self-improvement and self-examination - lifehacking, wellbeing, self-care, mindfulness retreats - but this seemingly very modern phenomenon is a pursuit that dates back for millennia.

Does the real world, defined as a world of objects that exist independent of human interests, concerns, and cognitive activities, really exist? Jan Westerhoff argues that we have good reason to believe it does not. His discussion considers four main facets of the idea of the real world, ranging from the existence of a separate external and internal world (comprising various mental states congregated around a self), to the existence of an ontological foundation that grounds the existence of all the entities in the world.

This small book contains the essence of the "Yoga of Unknowing" which is the realization that as humans we will always have limited knowledge and following the lead of Nicholas of Cusa we should learn to be cognizant of our ignorance and thereby become more enlightened in the process. Also included is the essay "The Mystery of the Eight Realms" which touches upon how virtual reality technology is our own technological Plato's Cave and how understanding VR, MR, and AR can help us better understand consciousness.

Lost in Thought is a passionate and timely reminder that a rich life is a life rich in thought. Today, when even the humanities are often defended only for their economic or political usefulness, Hitz says our intellectual lives are valuable not despite but because of their practical uselessness. And while anyone can have an intellectual life, she encourages academics in particular to get back in touch with the desire to learn for its own sake and calls on universities to return to the person-to-person transmission of the habits of mind and heart that bring out the best in us.

Ignorance, whether passive or active, conscious or unconscious, has always been a part of the human condition, Renata Salecl argues. What has changed in our post-truth, postindustrial world is that we often feel overwhelmed by the constant flood of information and misinformation. It sometimes seems impossible to differentiate between truth and falsehood and, as a result, there has been a backlash against the idea of expertise, and a rise in the number of people actively choosing not to know. 

On the Genealogy of Morals: A Polemic is an 1887 work by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. It consists of a preface and three interconnected essays that expand on concepts Nietzsche first raised in Beyond Good and Evil (1886). The three essays question and critique the value of our moral judgments based on a method whereby Nietzsche examines the origins and meanings of our different moral concepts. 

The future of epistemology is in figuring out how to optimize the dissemination and absorption of content. 

 Short papers about mind-body dualism.

A homework assignment that I did on truth and knowledge. 

Remarkably little is known about the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. So little, in fact, that scientists and philosophers have, for centuries, been obsessed with what has become known as the “eel question”: Where do eels come from? What are they? Are they fish or some other kind of creature altogether? Even in our age of advanced science, no one has ever seen eels mating or giving birth, and we still don’t understand what drives them, after living for decades in freshwater, to swim great distances back to the ocean at the end of their lives. They remain a mystery.

Why are we here? Human beings have asked themselves this question for centuries. Modern science largely argues that human beings are chance products of a purposeless universe, but other traditions believe humanity has an essential role and responsibility in creation. Lachman brings together many strands of esoteric, spiritual and philosophical thought to form a counter-argument to the nihilism that permeates the twenty-first century.

Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. It is the discipline that makes it clear what conditions one must meet if one is to have knowledge. Epistemology thus explains how it is that we can have knowledge of the future, the past, and the present but imperceptible. Epistemology also explains how we can have knowledge of truths that concern abstract entities, such as numbers and properties, as opposed to spatio-temporal entities. 

Throughout history scepticism and the urge to question accepted truths has been a powerful force for change and growth. Today, as we are bombarded by adverts, scientific studies praising the latest superfoods, and political rhetoric, a healthy amount of scepticism is widely encouraged. But when is such scepticism legitimate - for example, as a driver of new ideas - and when is it problematic? And what role might adopting a sceptical outlook play in leading an intellectually virtuous life?

Aprenda las difrencias entre Empirismo vs. Racionalismo, un ejemplo de lo que hace la epistemología, la naturaleza no revisionista de la epistemología, y más. 

El Discurso del método, cuyo título completo es Discurso del método para conducir bien la propia razón y buscar la verdad en las ciencias es la principal obra escrita por René Descartes y una obra fundamental de la filosofía occidental con implicaciones para el desarrollo de la filosofía y de la ciencia. Se publicó de forma anónima en Leiden (Holanda) en el año 1637. Constituía, en realidad, el prólogo a tres ensayos: Dióptrica, Meteoros y Geometría; agrupados bajo el título conjunto de Ensayos filosóficos.

Una guía concisa de epistemología moderna. ¿Suena interesante? ¡El autor también lo cree! Escuche ¿Qué es el conocimiento? y aprenda sobre conocimiento y epistemología.

A journey across time, from our most refined understanding of the universe's beginning, to the closest science can take us to the very end. Explore how life and mind emerged from the initial chaos and how our minds, in coming to understand their own impermanence, seek in different ways to give meaning to experience: in story, myth, religion, creative expression, science, the quest for truth and our longing for the timeless or eternal.

Not Born Yesterday explains how we decide who we can trust and what we should believe - and argues that we're pretty good at making these decisions. In this lively and provocative book, Hugo Mercier demonstrates how virtually all attempts at mass persuasion - whether by religious leaders, politicians, or advertisers - fail miserably.

More than at any other time in human history, we live in an age defined by movement and mobility; yet, we lack a unifying theory which takes this seriously as a starting point for philosophy. The history of philosophy has systematically explained movement as derived from something else that does not move: space, eternity, force, and time.

The New Organon is the second part of Bacon's philosophical work, The Great Instauration on the renewal of the sciences, which was published in 1620. The title refers to Aristotle's work Organon - meaning “trumpeter” - a treatise on logic and syllogism. Bacon’s work offers a new method of investigating nature, named “the Interpretation of Nature”.