検索キーワード： 認識論

The human being is the only creature that does not merely live in the world but reads it. We wake into a flood of signs — words, faces, memories, headlines, silences — and we cannot help turning each one into meaning. This is not a hobby of scholars. It is the condition of being human, and it reaches from the way the brain assembles a sunrise to the way a civilization argues about its past.

Somewhere in the popular imagination there lives a tidy little robot called The Scientific Method. It wears a lab coat, it never guesses, it never sulks, and it grinds out truth by turning a logical crank. Paul Feyerabend spent his life arguing that this robot is a fairy tale—and that the real story of how we come to know things is far stranger, far messier, and far more human than anyone wants to admit.

Conquer cognitive bias and modern misinformation by mastering the fascinating science of critical thinking. Perfect for your morning commute, this thought-provoking journey explores how the human mind turns raw, chaotic experience into reliable knowledge. Transform that overwhelmed feeling into...

Merge cutting-edge science with deep philosophy to answer your most profound questions about reality, mind, and meaning. Perfect for a thought-provoking commute or a deeply focused evening of intellectual growth, this audio experience transforms complex debates into accessible insights. Explore...

A fresh, irreverent, and wildly original take on why philosophy matters and how it has changed the world Why do humans return, again and again, to the "big questions" of philosophy? Why have so many philosophers risked their lives for their vocation? Why have reigning authoritarian rulers been...

A profound argument for science that embraces uncertainty and promotes possibility, creativity, and the belief that we can shape, if not determine, our future. “This wise book challenges everything we take for granted about thinking scientifically.” —Annie Duke, bestselling author of...

In this book, Harding explores the proposition that tools are "extensions of the body", and that there's no absolute boundary between the "natural" and the "artificial". Crossing over the line between the self and the not-self, Harding realized that there is no definite frontier where you can say you stop and the rest of the world begins. The Meaning and Beauty of the Artificial takes you on a wide-ranging safari through the animal kingdom and then into the human world, where you see "man and machine" with new eyes.

Is causation a fundamental principle that orders the universe, or a construct invented by human beings? What does it mean to exist? In this provocative audio series, Dr. Robert Lawrence Kuhn, creator and host of the hit PBS series Closer to Truth, probes causality, existence, and other heady philosophical topics in intimate conversations with 13 of the world’s greatest thinkers. Known for his erudite yet down-to-earth interviews, Kuhn takes you on a fascinating and accessible journey into the world of philosophy.

Question the very fabric of reality in this mind-bending popular science journey into the simulation hypothesis. Perfect for a thought-provoking commute, this awe-inspiring exploration transforms deep existential questions into grounded, calm clarity. Step onto the thrilling boundary where...

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel promised to explain everything. The entire universe, all of history, the full trajectory of human consciousness — wrapped up in one tidy system powered by contradictions that magically resolve themselves. It was the most ambitious philosophical project ever attempted, and for nearly two centuries, some of the finest minds in the world have either worshipped it or tried to burn it down.

What makes intelligent, thoughtful people embrace beliefs that seem irrational -- or even dangerous -- to others? In a world growing ever more fractured, understanding the mechanics of belief is no longer a luxury. It's a necessity. Why Sane People Believe Crazy Things is for those who refuse easy answers. Drawing on philosophy, science, and history, you’ll explore the ways our deepest convictions both unite and divide us. Discover: How core assumptions shape societies, values, and every “rational” argument. What makes a belief justified -- and when it’s likely to become toxic.

Try to prove that the world exists without you. Go ahead. Take your time. Every argument you construct, every fact you cite, every scientific instrument you point at reality — all of it happens inside your consciousness. You cannot step outside your own mind to check whether the world is really there. This is not a glitch in human cognition. According to Johann Gottlieb Fichte, it is the fundamental structure of all existence.

Dans Les deux sources de la morale et de la religion, son dernier grand livre (1932), Bergson ne se contente pas d'établir la distinction entre le clos et l'ouvert comme critère absolu, en morale, mais aussi en religion (et même dans chaque religion) et en politique. Il en recherche le double fondement, dans la structure immuable de notre espèce, d'un côté dans les actes imprévisibles des grands hommes de bien ou des mystiques, de l'autre.

For thousands of years, the faithful have honed proselytizing strategies and talked people into believing the truth of one holy book or another. Indeed, the faithful often view converting others as an obligation of their faith - and are trained from an early age to spread their unique brand of religion. The result is a world broken in large part by unquestioned faith. As an urgently needed counter to this tried-and-true tradition of religious evangelism, this audiobook offers the first-ever guide not for talking people into faith - but for talking them out of it.

Whether pondering black holes or predicting discoveries at CERN, physicists believe the best theories are beautiful, natural, and elegant, and this standard separates popular theories from disposable ones. This is why, Sabine Hossenfelder argues, we have not seen a major breakthrough in the foundations of physics for more than four decades. The belief in beauty has become so dogmatic that it now conflicts with scientific objectivity: Observation has been unable to confirm mindboggling theories, like supersymmetry or grand unification, invented by physicists based on aesthetic criteria.

Phenomenology has often been hailed as the last sanctuary of European depth—a noble attempt to reclaim the lost transparency of the world. Yet its refined language conceals an irresolvable contradiction: the ambition to describe pure experience in a realm where no purity exists, the wish to perceive the world “as it is” through a consciousness that always arrives too late to itself. Through an exploration of Husserl’s core concepts—intentionality, inner time, epoché, and reduction—the author shows how each strives toward the impossible, while maintaining a haunting poetic precision.

What is economic growth? And why, historically, has it occurred in only a few places? Previous efforts to answer these questions have focused on institutions, geography, finances, and psychology. But according to MIT's anti-disciplinarian César Hidalgo, understanding the nature of economic growth demands transcending the social sciences and including the natural sciences of information, networks, and complexity. To understand the growth of economies, Hidalgo argues, we first need to understand the growth of order.

This classic work on critical thinking uses a novel approach to teach the basics of informal logic. On the assumption that "it takes one to know one," the authors have written the book from the point of view of someone who wishes to deceive, mislead, or manipulate others. Having mastered the art of deception, listeners will then be able to detect the misuse or abuse of logic when they encounter it in others—whether in a heated political debate or while trying to evaluate the claims of a persuasive sales person.

What if the greatest intellectual weapon ever forged was not a theory, not a proof, but a refusal to believe? In the eighteenth century, a cheerful Scotsman named David Hume dismantled the foundations of human knowledge with nothing more than a sharp eye and an uncomfortable question: How do you actually know what you think you know? Two and a half centuries later, his challenge has not been answered. It has only grown more urgent. The Skeptic’s Armor takes readers on a journey through Hume’s radical skepticism and its astonishing resonance with modern science.

In Stop Being Reasonable, philosopher and journalist Eleanor Gordon-Smith tells six lucid, gripping stories that show the limits of human reason. From the woman who realised her husband harboured a terrible secret, to the man who left the cult he had been raised in since birth, and the British...