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In The Republic, Socrates is asked the question: "What is justice?" And in order to answer it, he draws a long and detailed analogy between the individual and the city. Plato’s work forms the foundation of Western philosophy and covers a wide range of topics including political theory and ethics, with extended digressions into artistic and literary criticism, the theory and practice of education as well as epistemology and metaphysics.

These five very different Socratic Dialogues date from Plato's later period, when he was revisiting his early thoughts and conclusions and showing a willingness for revision. In Timaeus (mainly a monologue read by David Timson in the title role), Plato considers cosmology in terms of the nature and structure of the universe, the ever-changing physical world and the unchanging eternal world. And he proposes a demiurge as a benevolent creator God.

Aristotle's most complicated and academic work. This is a challenging work for even those who admire his other seven books. Incomparable analysis in language and thought, with a clear, succinct prose touch.

One of the most significant books ever written by a head of state, the Meditations are a collection of philosophical thoughts by the Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121 - 180 ce). Covering issues such as duty, forgiveness, brotherhood, strength in adversity and the best way to approach life and death, the Meditations have inspired thinkers, poets and politicians since their first publication more than 500 years ago. Today, the book stands as one of the great guides and companions - a cornerstone of Western thought.

Nearly six hundred years ago, a short, genial, cannily alert man in his late 30s took a very old manuscript off a library shelf, saw with excitement what he had discovered, and ordered that it be copied. That book was the last surviving manuscript of an ancient Roman philosophical epic by Lucretius—a beautiful poem containing the most dangerous ideas: that the universe functioned without the aid of gods, that religious fear was damaging to human life, and that matter was made up of very small particles.

The Daily Stoic offers 366 days of Stoic insights and exercises, featuring all-new translations from the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, the playwright Seneca, or slave-turned-philosopher Epictetus, as well as lesser-known luminaries like Zeno, Cleanthes, and Musonius Rufus. Every day of the year you'll find one of their pithy, powerful quotations, as well as historical anecdotes, provocative commentary, and a helpful glossary of Greek terms.

The philosophy of Ancient Greece provides the background of Western ethical thought and politics. In this approachable introduction, Hugh Griffith, a leading translator of Plato, covers the main ground from the Pre-Socratics through Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Epicureans.

The Republic, Plato's masterwork, was first enjoyed 2,400 years ago and remains one of the most widely read books in the world. Presented as a dialogue between Plato's teacher Socrates and various interlocutors, it is an exhortation to philosophy, inviting its listeners to reflect on the choices to be made if we are to live the best life available to us. This complex, dynamic work creates a picture of an ideal society governed not by the desire for money, power or fame, but by philosophy, wisdom and justice.

"Auch der Mutigste von uns hat nur selten den Mut zu dem, was er eigentlich weiß ..."(Friedrich Nietzsche: Götzendämmerung)Eine heitere Psychologie bedarf des unverstellten Blickes, der "fröhlichen Wissenschaft", der offenen phänomenologischen Schau. Auch wenn man bei einigem in diesem Buch, wie z.B. den Ausführungen über das Bild des Sokrates, zurückschrecken mag, die Einforderung Nietzsches des unbedingt freien Blicks steht - bis heute - spannungsvoll im Raum."Ich mißtraue allen Systematikern und gehe ihnen aus dem Weg. Der Wille zum System ist ein Mangel an Rechtschaffenheit.

L'Apologia di Socrate è un testo giovanile di Platone. Scritto tra il 399 e il 388 a.C., è la più credibile fonte di informazioni sul processo a Socrate, oltre a quella in cui la figura del vecchio filosofo è probabilmente meno rimaneggiata dall'autore.

"Wie man wird, was man ist." So beschreibt Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 - 1900) seine autobiografische Schrift, in der er rückblickend Deutungen seiner eigenen philosophischen Schriften darlegt. Er ist dabei keinesfalls bescheiden, sondern präsentiert seine Erkenntnisse als schicksalhafte Ereignisse von globaler Bedeutung. "Ecce Homo" ist das letzte Werk vor seinem Nervenzusammenbruch im Jahre 1889.

Written in Greek by an intellectual Roman emperor without any intention of publication, the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius offer a wide range of fascinating spiritual reflections and exercises developed as the leader struggled to understand himself and make sense of the universe. Spanning from doubt and despair to conviction and exaltation, they cover such diverse topics as the question of virtue, human rationality, the nature of the gods and Aurelius's own emotions.

Distilled to its essence, the ancient Greco-Roman philosophy known as Stoicism is a philosophy of personal betterment. Professor Pigliucci, who knows firsthand just how transformative a Stoic approach to life can be, has designed these 25 lessons as an enlightening introduction to the basics of Stoic philosophy and ways to incorporate its lessons into your own life.

It was with Human, All Too Human, first published in 1878, that Nietzsche developed the aphoristic style that so suited his challenging views and uncompromising style. The text is divided into three main sections: 'Of the First and Last Things', 'History of the Moral Feelings' and 'The Religious Life'.

Rüdiger Safranski beschreibt die Epoche der Romantik und ihre Zeitgenossen, die für die Entfesselung des Genies stehen, für den Aufbruch und die Lust am Experiment...

Sokrates ist wegen Unfrömmigkeit angeklagt. Welches Strafmaß soll ergehen? In seiner Verteidiungsrede, die zu einer der Grundlagen der Philosophie geworden ist, zeigt Sokrates: Die Wahrheit ist das höchste Gut - und Eigeninteressen müssen dahinter zurückstehen. Ein packendes Hörerlebnis.

Epictetus, a Greek stoic and freed slave, ran a thriving philosophy school in Nicropolis in the early second century AD. His animated discussions were celebrated for their rhetorical wizardry and were written down by Arrian, his most famous pupil. Together with the Enchiridion, a manual of his main ideas, and the fragments collected here, The Discourses argue that happiness lies in learning to perceive exactly what is in our power to change and what is not, and in embracing our fate to live in harmony with god and nature.

Distinguished author of Mortal Questions and The View from Nowhere sets forth the central problems of philosophical inquiry for the beginning student. Arguing that the best way to learn about philosophy is to think about its questions directly, Thomas Nagel considers possible solutions to nine problems - knowledge of the world beyond our minds, knowledge of other minds, the mind-body problem, free will, the basis of morality, right and wrong, the nature of death, the meaning of life, and the meaning of words.

Das zweite Buch des ersten Bandes des Klassikers. "Ich gehöre zu den Lesern Schopenhauers", schrieb Friedrich Nietzsche, "welche, nachdem sie die erste Seite von ihm gelesen haben, mit Bestimmtheit wissen, dass sie alle Seiten lesen und auf jedes Wort hören werden, das er überhaupt gesagt hat". Und so wie es Nietzsche mit der Lektüre von Schopenhauer ging, so ging - und geht es bis heute - vielen, die an tieferen Einsichten in die Möglichkeiten und Bedingtheiten unserer Erkenntnisfähigkeit in die Welt interessiert sind.

For the ancients, everything worth pursuing in life flowed from a strong sense of justice—or one’s commitment to doing the right thing, no matter how difficult. In order to be courageous, wise, and self-disciplined, one must begin with justice. The influence of the modern world often tells us that acting justly is optional. Holiday argues that that’s simply untrue—and the fact that so few people today have the strength to stand by their convictions explains much about why we’re so unhappy.