検索キーワード： 歴史

Throughout history philosophers have sought to define, understand, and delineate concepts important to human well-being. One such concept is "knowledge." Many philosophers believed that absolute, certain knowledge, is possible—that the physical world and ideas formulated about it could be given solid foundation unaffected by the varieties of mere opinion.

Before the Greeks, the idea of the world was dominated by god-kings and their priests, in a life ruled by imagined metaphysical monsters. 2,500 years ago, in a succession of small eastern Mediterranean harbour-cities, that way of thinking began to change. Men (and some women) decided to cast off mental subservience and apply their own worrying and thinking minds to the conundrums of life. These great innovators shaped the beginnings of philosophy. Adam Nicolson travels through this transforming world and asks what light these ancient thinkers can throw on our deepest preconceptions.

Liberty or Justice for All? brings to life four of America's greatest thinkers, whose dialogue across the ages has never been more relevant.

In showing how the great philosophers of human history lived and thought – and what they thought about – Peter Cave provides an accessible and enjoyable introduction to thinking philosophically and how it can change our everyday lives. With a lightness of touch, he addresses questions such as: Is there anything ‘out there’ that gives meaning to our lives? Does reality tell us how we ought to live? What indeed is reality and what is appearance – and how can we tell the difference?

Con este libro comienza la aventura de la filosofía y también comienza nuestra serie de publicaciones sobre la filosofía. Incluso decidir el orden es una decisión filosófica, y la Apología es el preludio perfecto.

Fiel a su estilo irónico y mordaz, Žižek recorre, en esta serie de textos políticos, los cimientos de las civilizaciones occidentales modernas. Spoiler alert: la conclusión es cínica. ¿Qué es lo que hace que la realidad sea soportable y podamos enfrentarla? "Lo siento, pero la hipocresía es la base de la civilización. Los rituales y las apariencias sí importan. Si abandonamos las apariencias y enfrentamos la realidad, esta suele ser bastante horrible".

"Es precisamente esa otra consolación ante la vejez […] lo que me mueve a mí […] a dirigirte ahora esta larga misiva desde Atenas. […]. Tú has dejado claro en tu obra, al hablarnos de que las dificultades de la vejez no provienen tanto de la edad como del carácter y de la actitud vital de las personas, que envejecer es, en un alto grado, un empeño ético; y yo deseo ahora que reflexionemos sobre si el hecho de que nuestra sociedad esté o no organizada y facultada para posibilitar dicho empeño no hace del envejecer, también, un propósito político".

In der Platon-Forschung hat der Menexenos immer wieder für Rätselraten gesorgt. Die Ungereimtheiten dieses Dialogs ließen die einen vermuten, es handele sich gar nicht um einen Dialog Platons, andere wiederum sahen gerade in dem bis zum Äußersten getriebenen Vexierspiel, der diesem Dialog eigen ist, Platons stilistische Meisterschaft. Heute stellt niemand mehr die Frage, ob der Dialog Platon zugerechnet werden kann. Im Werk des Philosophen rechnet man ihn zu den Frühdialogen. Anders als viele andere platonische Dialoge ist der Menexenos nicht philosophischen Inhalts.

Sokrates befindet sich gerade auf dem Weg zur Akademie, als Hippothales ihn anhält und ihn bittet, mit ihm in die neu errichtete Palästra zu kommen, um nähere Bekanntschaft mit jenem Jüngling zu machen, in den er, Hippothales, ganz offenkundig schwer verliebt ist. Der Name des Jünglings: Lysis. Bereitwillig folgt Sokrates dem Verliebten und macht in der Palästra die Bekanntschaft mit eben jenem Lysis, aber zudem auch mit dessen Freund und Kameraden Menexenos.

Ausgehend von dieser Frage, die der gerade aus dem Krieg zurück nach Athen heimgekehrte Sokrates den jungen Charmides stellt, entspinnt sich ein Gespräch darüber, was Besonnenheit (Sophrosyne) eigentlich ist. Charmides, der Dialektik des Sokrates nicht gewachsen, flüchtet sich zur Beantwortung der Frage in die philosophischen Ansichten des ebenfalls anwesenden Kritias, der denn auch im weiteren Verlauf des Dialogs die Rolle des Gesprächspartners von Sokrates übernimmt und gemeinsam mit ihm das erkenntnistheoretische Terrain innerhalb der Philosophie abschreitet.

If you're looking to enjoy a classic book and improve your English or Spanish, then you're in luck. This is the bilingual bundle of Meditations / Meditaciones by Marcus Aurelius / Marco Aurelio in both English & Spanish. There's no better way to learn a language than by familiarizing yourself with a text and putting your knowledge to the test.

For the Chinese philosopher Sun Tzu, war was synchronic with life. Tzu viewed the world as a network of combat zones where the stakes were high, struggle was the primary mode of being, no one was to be trusted, and survival depended on nothing less than unconditional victory. This 2,500-year-old work of wisdom continues to guide and inspire people of all cultures, teaching the principles of strategy required in everything from sports and business to affairs of the heart. Augmented by commentary and anecdotes, this audio edition maintains the pure, near-poetic tone of the original work.

Take a wild and rickety ride through the philosophies of the East and West to discover madmen, dreamers, and unconventional wisdom seekers. Fun and irreverent, Crazy Wisdom synthesizes the most significant, compelling insights of the ages. Journey into the unorthodox teachings that have bubbled up through the words of such "crazy" visionaries as Rumi, Gautama the Buddha, Mark Twain, Lao Tzu, Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi, Allen Ginsberg, and Lily Tomlin. Discover the common thread in these multiple perspectives and travel on a comedic course to enlightenment!

Emile Faguet's "Initiation into Philosophy" is a lively introduction to the fundamentals of philosophy. It aims to excite curiosity, provide a clear and concise introduction to the groundbreaking discoveries of the major philosophers, and introduce the reader to the pleasures of philosophical thought. This audiobook focuses on the seventeenth century: the greatest philosophic century of modern times, and perhaps of any time. It began with René Descartes, whose system, premises and conclusions are clearly explained; what followed was marked by his influence.

Plato's Crito is a dialogue between an imprisoned Socrates and Crito, a wealthy Athenian who has formulated and financed a plan for Socrates to escape and live in exile.

Ranging from epistemology to existentialism and featuring ideas from philosophers as varied as Plato, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Paul Sartre, this essential guide will bring you up to speed on the core themes and theories of this great subject.

Per una meravigliosa e tremenda ambiguità linguistica, la morte e la vita sono iscritte nella stessa parola bios: bíos è vita, biós è arco. Noi siamo così un cerchio incompiuto, imperfetto, un arco, in cui inizio e fine non coincidono. Solitari restare a riva a osservare le tempeste della vita o salire a bordo senza troppo curarci dei compagni di viaggio? Seguire le leggi del cosmo o le leggi dell'io? Scegliere la politica o l'antipolitica? Il negotium o l'otium? Credere o capire di fronte a Dio e alla morte? Seguire la lezione dei padri o la rivoluzione dei figli?

Stoicism is two things: a long past philosophical school of ancient Greece and Rome, and an enduring philosophical movement that still inspires people in the twenty-first century to rethink and reorganize their lives in order to achieve personal satisfaction. What is the connection between them? This Very Short Introduction provides an introductory account of Stoic philosophy, and tells the story of how ancient Stoicism survived and evolved into the movement we see today.

The Stoic philosophy of Enchiridion & Discourses by Epictetus will take you on a transformational journey where you’ll benefit from a collection of highly practical teachings that you can apply to your daily life. Get your copy today and enjoy the timeless words of wisdom inside this book.

Marco Aurelio escribió sus Meditaciones durante los descansos de sus actividades políticas y bélicas. Estas reflexiones tenían el propósito de recordarle las máximas fundamentales del estoicismo y de ayudarle a aplicarlas en su día a día para no desviarse del objetivo primordial: ser mejor persona. Organizadas en doce libros, versan sobre temas universales y atemporales como la fugacidad del tiempo o la manera correcta de conducirse en la vida.