検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

One of two major philosophical traditions of the twentieth century was Wittgenstein's linguistic analysis. The other, diametrically opposed, came from Heidegger, and his fundamental question: "What is the meaning of existence?" For Heidegger, this question was beyond the reach of reason and was...

In Rousseau we encounter a walking ego, a naked sensibility. Feeling triumphs over intellectual argument in his works, which are both deeply stirring and deeply inconsistent. Yet while his contemporaries Kant and Hume may have been superior academic philosophers, the sheer power of Rousseau’s...

Just a century after it had begun, philosophy entered its greatest age with the appearance of Socrates, who spent so much of his time talking about philosophy on the streets of Athens that he never got around to writing anything down. His method of aggressive questioning, called dialectic, was...

Hume reduced philosophy to ruins: he denied the existence of everything—except our actual perceptions themselves. I alone exist, he argued, and the world is nothing more than part of my consciousness. Yet we know that the world remains, and we go on as before. What Hume expressed was the...

Augustine’s spiritual crisis and conversion to Christianity, detailed in his Confessions, ultimately led him to his major contribution to philosophy: the fusion of the two doctrines of Christianity and Neoplatonism. This not only provided Christianity with a strong intellectual backing but...

With Friedrich Nietzsche, philosophy was dangerous not only for philosophers but for everyone. Nietzsche ultimately went mad, but his ideas presaged a collective madness that had horrific consequences in Europe in the early 1900s. Though his philosophy is more one of aphorisms and insights than...

Despite 21st-century fears of an "epidemic" of loneliness, its history has been sorely neglected. A Biography of Loneliness offers a radically new interpretation of loneliness as an emotional language and experience. Using letters and diaries, philosophical tracts, political discussions, and medical literature from the 18th century to the present, historian of the emotions Fay Bound Alberti argues that loneliness is not a historical, universal phenomenon. It is, in fact, a modern emotion: before 1800, its language did not exist.

Hermeticism or Hermetism is a philosophical system based on the purported teachings of Hermes Trismegistus (a legendary Hellenistic combination of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth). These teachings are contained in the various writings attributed to Hermes (the Hermetica), which were produced over a period spanning many centuries (c. 300 BCE — 1200 CE) and may be very different in content and scope.

Reason is a powerful tool not only for finding our way in an increasingly complex world but also for growing intellectually and emotionally. This short, accessible volume unlocks the dynamics of human reason, helping listeners to think critically and to use reason confidently to solve problems. It enables listeners to think more clearly and precisely about the world, and it tackles a number of profound philosophical questions without getting bogged down with jargon. Topics include knowledge, identity, leadership, creativity, and empathy.

This guide will teach you how to analyse arguments, speeches, and newspaper articles. It will help you discern faults in reasoning from sound arguments. It looks at the structure of language in order to demonstrate rules by which you can identify good analytical thinking, and will help you to formulate clear, defensible arguments. With real life newspaper extracts, a glossary, exercises and answers, and a guide to essay writing, this is an invaluable tool for both students and general readers.

A guide to deprogramming yourself from thoughts.

This timely audio edition of A Rulebook for Arguments sharpens an already-classic text, adding updated examples and a new chapter on public debates that provides rules for the etiquette and ethics of sound public dialogue as well as clear and sound thinking in general.

Discover the ancient wisdom that remains as relevant today as it was two millennia ago in On the Shortness of Life by Lucius Annaeus Seneca. This Stoic masterpiece is a powerful guide to reclaiming your time and living a life of purpose. Seneca’s profound insights challenge you to break free from distractions, prioritize what truly matters, and make every moment count.

Neste volume, Danilo Marcondes conduz o leitor por uma instigante reflexão sobre um tema que está no coração da filosofia: a verdade. Parte da concepção mais clássica de correspondência entre o intelecto e as coisas até chegar à...

Neste volume, Silvana de Souza Ramos baseia-se no pensamento de dois grandes filósofos (René Descartes e Maurice Merleau-Ponty) para investigar o que é o ser humano. Valendo-se da discussão sobre as relações entre pensamento e percepção, a...

Neste volume, Érico Andrade expõe de maneira didática o nascimento da noção de sujeito do conhecimento, percorrendo a obra de René Descartes, e expõe os seus desdobramentos, por meio da crítica empirista, da reelaboração...

Neste volume, Juvenal Savian Filho apresenta ao leitor a ferramenta básica do pensamento filosófico: a argumentação. De maneira prática, mostra como a análise dos raciocínios é fundamental para um pensamento coerente. Coleção...

Neste volume, Rodrigo Duarte parte do ambiente em que vivemos para refletir sobre a vivência da arte. Busca, então, elementos de reflexão no pensamento de autores como Platão, Aristóteles, Santo Agostinho, Santo Tomás, Kant, Hegel, Adorno e Arthur Danto...

Neste volume, Tessa Moura Lacerda mostra como os filósofos, desde a Antiguidade até nossos dias, dedicam-se a compreender essa experiência que geralmente é associada apenas com os ímpetos amorosos, mas envolve uma torrente de outros sentimentos e ideias: a...

This book explores how meaning, often assumed to be a stable or innate feature of reality, is in fact a constructed phenomenon — shaped, transmitted, and manipulated through language, cultural systems, economic structures, and ideology. Drawing on thinkers such as Wittgenstein, Lacan, Orwell, and contemporary cultural critics, the text unpacks how language limits thought, how culture recycles and fossilizes symbolic forms, and how capitalism turns meaning into a consumable commodity.