検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

Upon its first English publication in 1959, Popper's The Logic of Scientific Discovery revolutionized thinking about the scientific method. Largely an exploration of the demarcation problem, or what distinguishes science from non-science, Popper introduced and defended his concept of falsifability -- that scientific systems are ones open to empirical disconfirmation -- against the prevailing views of his day.

The self-evident existence of reason, logic, and intelligibility are strong evidence for God. Reason is a human faculty that defines humanness and points to a rational universe. This in turn points to the principle of reason, or the "Logos" developed by Heraclitus and other Greek philosophers, and later by the Apostle John (1:1). Reason and its corollaries emerge like aspects of language and complement each other, like speaking and listening. Indeed, mutual communication works because of reciprocity, which is a root form of intelligibility.

In a letter of 1932, Karl Popper described Die beiden Grundprobleme der Erkenntnistheorie–The Two Fundamental Problems of the Theory of Knowledge–as ‘…a child of crises, above all of …the crisis of physics.' The two fundamental problems of knowledge that lie at the center of the book are the problem of induction, that although we are able to observe only a limited number of particular events, science nevertheless advances unrestricted universal statements; and the problem of demarcation, which asks for a separating line between empirical science and non-science.

Andrea Chapela, una de las grandes autoras jóvenes en nuestra lengua, empieza con esta confesión: "A mí la ciencia me parece bella y, al escribir, quiero explorar esa belleza." En los tres ensayos aquí incluidos, "El acto de ver a través", "El acto de verse" y "La historia de ver", los objetos de la minuciosa observación y animada curiosidad de la autora son, respectivamente, la ventana, el espejo y la luz.

Hegels Logik von 1812 komplett (aber ohne die Anmerkungen) in 36 Stunden vorgelesen und mit einem ausführlichen Inhalts- und Trackverzeichnis versehen.

Wie gewinne ich ein Streitgespräch? Unter den deutschen Philosophen nimmt Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860) die Rolle eines Idealisten ein, der von Platon und Kant zu seiner eigenen Erkenntnistheorie fand. Wie man aus Streitgesprächen als Sieger hervorgeht, das ist das Kernthema des vorliegenden Werkes. Eristische Dialektik, das ist die Technik des Diskutierens, und mit seinen 38 rhetorischen Kunstgriffen, die Schopenhauer präsentiert, soll jede Debatte gewonnen werden können. Gefunden wurde das fertige Manuskript ohne Überschriften im Nachlass Schopenhauers.

Stymied and stumped by arguments that wrap around you like web of mystification? The Amazing Dr. Ransom's Bestiary of Adorable Fallacies is here to help! This "Field Guide for Clear Thinkers" is filled with descriptions, exercises, and analysis to help you identify and avoid fallacies you might encounter in everyday life.

One troubling trend amongst people today is the belief in "Luck". If you ask "What is Luck?" giving the impression you never heard of it before they are at a loss of words to explain what exactly "Luck" is. They've never actually thought about it but just believed that it existed. First we must know what luck is before we can come to classify it, if it exists.

La característica más específica de nuestra especie, la que nos diferencia del resto de los animales, es la capacidad de aprender y usar lenguas, y para ello es necesario que cuente con un cerebro lleno de palabras. Desde que nos despertamos hasta que nos acostamos vivimos, convivimos y nos comunicamos a través de las palabras.

Hermeticism or Hermetism is a philosophical system based on the purported teachings of Hermes Trismegistus (a legendary Hellenistic combination of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth). These teachings are contained in the various writings attributed to Hermes (the Hermetica), which were produced over a period spanning many centuries (c. 300 BCE — 1200 CE) and may be very different in content and scope.

Dit boek is een reisgids door de eeuwenoude filosofie van het Stoïcisme, een levenshouding die zijn wortels diep heeft verankerd in de menselijke geschiedenis. In een wereld die constant in beweging is, biedt het Stoïcisme een rotsvast kompas om je weg te vinden te midden van de problemen en vreugde van het leven.

It is widely accepted that political discourse in recent years has become more openly racist and more accepting of wildly implausible conspiracy theories. Dogwhistles and Figleaves explores ways in which such changes—both of which defied previously settled norms of political speech—have been brought about. Jennifer Saul shows that two linguistic devices, dogwhistles and figleaves, have played a crucial role.

Do you feel like your coaching sessions are just going in circles after trying your best to help your clients change but getting nowhere? Have you ever felt like there must be a more effective way to empower your clients to embrace change and achieve remarkable results? You’ve got the certifications, the right gear, and even the perfect ambiance in your coaching space. But something's missing… Your clients listen but don't seem to move forward. It's like watching a car stuck in the mud — lots of effort, but no progress.

Moral Articulation outlines an ethical framework that allows us to embrace a version of the latter, transformative view without sacrificing notions of moral truth, objectivity, and knowledge. The book presents a view of moral meaningfulness as extending beyond what we can presently put into words, urging that expansions in our moral vocabularies often begin in dissonant experiences of conceptual and linguistic limits.

ことばが世界をつくるのか。世界がことばをつくるのか。元オリンピアンで著作も多く、「走る哲学者」とも呼ばれる為末大氏。

In een tijdperk waarin informatie overvloedig is en meningen gemakkelijk worden verspreid, is kritisch denken de gids die ons helpt de waarheid te onderscheiden van ruis. Het stelt ons in staat om dieper te graven, vragen te stellen en complexe problemen op te lossen. Dit boek heeft als doel een duidelijk begrip te verschaffen van kritisch denken als vaardigheid en competentie.

The Thinking Toolbox has been the best selling text for teaching critical thinking skills and introduction to logic for over 15 years. This book is like a toolbox, full of different kinds of tools you can use for different thinking tasks. Just as you use the wrench in a regular tool box to fix the sink, so you can use the tools we give you in this book to solve thinking problems.

This short audio on logic argues that logic and science can go hand in hand, and that, by taking observations of perceptions and sensations, and applying logical analysis to them, you have the power to build conceptual models and frameworks that you can use in order to predict what you should do in the future and to reason how to solve the problems in your life.

Diese EINE Eigenschaft ist die Grundlage für deine Fähigkeit, kritisch zu denken. Weißt du, was das ist? Es ist die Fähigkeit, die RICHTIGEN Fragen zu stellen. Was wäre das Leben ohne Fragen? Es gab eine Zeit, in der man sich darauf verlassen konnte, dass die Antworten, die man von der Regierung, den Medien, der Religion, von Fachleuten, Freunden und der Familie erhielt, richtig waren.

This is an essay on forgiveness, not in the religious sense, but in a purely secular meaning, as in, when one person forgives another person for something they did wrong. The primary focus is on self-forgiveness, where a person forgives themselves, a concept which this essay explains as "moral bankruptcy," using debts and credits and bankruptcy and economics and finance as a metaphor for the moral debts and moral credits that you owe to yourself and to others, that you owe it to yourself to be a good person.