The Federal Reserve raised interest rates 0.25% in a widely expected move. Chairman Kevin Warsh gave little forward guidance regarding future rate hikes, but more are expected before the end of the year. The S&P 500 was relatively flat last week, while international developed markets fell 1.5%. Emerging markets landed in the middle, dropping 0.6%.

Disclosures:
These materials have been designed for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Such offers can only be made where lawful under applicable law. These materials have been prepared and derived on the basis of publicly available information, internally developed data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Zhang Financial LLC has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public and third party sources. No representation, warranty or undertaking, stated or implied, is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Zhang Financial LLC expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and completeness of this information. All opinions and views constitute judgments as of the date of writing without regard to the date on which the reader may receive or access the information, and are subject to change at any time without notice and with no obligation to update. To the extent that these materials contain statements about the future, such statements are forward looking and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. This information is intended solely for the information of those to whom it is distributed by Zhang Financial LLC. No part of these materials may be reproduced or retransmitted in any manner without the prior written permission of Zhang Financial LLC. Zhang Financial LLC does not intend to provide investment advice through these materials and does not represent that any market position, economic forecast, securities or services are suitable for any investor. Investors are advised not to rely on these materials in the process of making a fully informed investment decision and they do not render business, tax or legal advice. Each client or prospective client should consult his/her own attorney, business advisor and tax advisor as to legal, business, tax and related matters concerning the information contained herein. The information, opinions and views contained herein have not been tailored to the investment objectives of any one individual, are current only as of the date noted and may be subject to change at any time without prior notice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investing involves risk of loss including the possible loss of principal.

Both domestic and international equities tumbled last week as the US Federal Reserve is poised to increase interest rates in the following days. Small cap stocks were hit the hardest, dropping 2.2% last week alone. Markets are pricing in 97% odds of at least one hike by year-end, and 48% odds of at least two.

Disclosures:
These materials have been designed for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Such offers can only be made where lawful under applicable law. These materials have been prepared and derived on the basis of publicly available information, internally developed data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Zhang Financial LLC has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public and third party sources. No representation, warranty or undertaking, stated or implied, is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Zhang Financial LLC expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and completeness of this information. All opinions and views constitute judgments as of the date of writing without regard to the date on which the reader may receive or access the information, and are subject to change at any time without notice and with no obligation to update. To the extent that these materials contain statements about the future, such statements are forward looking and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. This information is intended solely for the information of those to whom it is distributed by Zhang Financial LLC. No part of these materials may be reproduced or retransmitted in any manner without the prior written permission of Zhang Financial LLC. Zhang Financial LLC does not intend to provide investment advice through these materials and does not represent that any market position, economic forecast, securities or services are suitable for any investor. Investors are advised not to rely on these materials in the process of making a fully informed investment decision and they do not render business, tax or legal advice. Each client or prospective client should consult his/her own attorney, business advisor and tax advisor as to legal, business, tax and related matters concerning the information contained herein. The information, opinions and views contained herein have not been tailored to the investment objectives of any one individual, are current only as of the date noted and may be subject to change at any time without prior notice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investing involves risk of loss including the possible loss of principal.

Nonfarm payroll data released last week far exceeded expectations; the 162,000 jobs added topped the 58,000 expectation by a substantial margin. However, this cautioned investors as it raised the expectations of an interest rate hike at the Federal Reserve's next meeting. Markets were mostly flat on the week, with the S&P scraping out a small gain of +0.13%.

Disclosures:
These materials have been designed for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Such offers can only be made where lawful under applicable law. These materials have been prepared and derived on the basis of publicly available information, internally developed data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Zhang Financial LLC has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public and third party sources. No representation, warranty or undertaking, stated or implied, is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Zhang Financial LLC expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and completeness of this information. All opinions and views constitute judgments as of the date of writing without regard to the date on which the reader may receive or access the information, and are subject to change at any time without notice and with no obligation to update. To the extent that these materials contain statements about the future, such statements are forward looking and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. This information is intended solely for the information of those to whom it is distributed by Zhang Financial LLC. No part of these materials may be reproduced or retransmitted in any manner without the prior written permission of Zhang Financial LLC. Zhang Financial LLC does not intend to provide investment advice through these materials and does not represent that any market position, economic forecast, securities or services are suitable for any investor. Investors are advised not to rely on these materials in the process of making a fully informed investment decision and they do not render business, tax or legal advice. Each client or prospective client should consult his/her own attorney, business advisor and tax advisor as to legal, business, tax and related matters concerning the information contained herein. The information, opinions and views contained herein have not been tailored to the investment objectives of any one individual, are current only as of the date noted and may be subject to change at any time without prior notice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investing involves risk of loss including the possible loss of principal.

After hearing from Chair Kevin Warsh, investors are increasingly pricing in the chance of an interest rate hike at the Federal Reserve's meeting in September. There is now only a 12% probability of no rate hikes, and an 88% chance of at least one hike by the end of 2026. The S&P 500 rose 0.5% last week, while Small Cap stocks (which are more sensitive to rates) fell 1.5%. International markets, both developed and emerging, were flat for the week.

Disclosures:
These materials have been designed for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Such offers can only be made where lawful under applicable law. These materials have been prepared and derived on the basis of publicly available information, internally developed data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Zhang Financial LLC has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public and third party sources. No representation, warranty or undertaking, stated or implied, is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Zhang Financial LLC expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and completeness of this information. All opinions and views constitute judgments as of the date of writing without regard to the date on which the reader may receive or access the information, and are subject to change at any time without notice and with no obligation to update. To the extent that these materials contain statements about the future, such statements are forward looking and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. This information is intended solely for the information of those to whom it is distributed by Zhang Financial LLC. No part of these materials may be reproduced or retransmitted in any manner without the prior written permission of Zhang Financial LLC. Zhang Financial LLC does not intend to provide investment advice through these materials and does not represent that any market position, economic forecast, securities or services are suitable for any investor. Investors are advised not to rely on these materials in the process of making a fully informed investment decision and they do not render business, tax or legal advice. Each client or prospective client should consult his/her own attorney, business advisor and tax advisor as to legal, business, tax and related matters concerning the information contained herein. The information, opinions and views contained herein have not been tailored to the investment objectives of any one individual, are current only as of the date noted and may be subject to change at any time without prior notice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investing involves risk of loss including the possible loss of principal.

Economic releases were minimal last week and thus had little market impact. The US Treasury announced increased buybacks of long-term obligations to stabilize yields. As a result, funds migrated to Gold and Bitcoin, which rose 4.5% and 22.4%, respectively. Equity markets fell in the US and abroad, with the exception of Emerging Markets. Emerging Markets continue to outperform other asset classes YTD, currently +24.2%.

Disclosures:
These materials have been designed for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Such offers can only be made where lawful under applicable law. These materials have been prepared and derived on the basis of publicly available information, internally developed data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Zhang Financial LLC has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public and third party sources. No representation, warranty or undertaking, stated or implied, is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Zhang Financial LLC expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and completeness of this information. All opinions and views constitute judgments as of the date of writing without regard to the date on which the reader may receive or access the information, and are subject to change at any time without notice and with no obligation to update. To the extent that these materials contain statements about the future, such statements are forward looking and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. This information is intended solely for the information of those to whom it is distributed by Zhang Financial LLC. No part of these materials may be reproduced or retransmitted in any manner without the prior written permission of Zhang Financial LLC. Zhang Financial LLC does not intend to provide investment advice through these materials and does not represent that any market position, economic forecast, securities or services are suitable for any investor. Investors are advised not to rely on these materials in the process of making a fully informed investment decision and they do not render business, tax or legal advice. Each client or prospective client should consult his/her own attorney, business advisor and tax advisor as to legal, business, tax and related matters concerning the information contained herein. The information, opinions and views contained herein have not been tailored to the investment objectives of any one individual, are current only as of the date noted and may be subject to change at any time without prior notice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investing involves risk of loss including the possible loss of principal.

Inflation metrics met expectations in data released last week, while consumer spending pulled back during July: expectations of +0.1% month-over-month were met with a reality of -0.6%. However, markets rose, with the S&P 500 climbing 0.4% over the week. YTD performance sits at +14.5%, roughly equivalent to the International Developed index's +15% return. The top performers, however, continue to be the Russell 2000 and Emerging Markets, which have gained +24.5% and +22.7% YTD, respectively.

Disclosures:
These materials have been designed for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Such offers can only be made where lawful under applicable law. These materials have been prepared and derived on the basis of publicly available information, internally developed data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Zhang Financial LLC has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public and third party sources. No representation, warranty or undertaking, stated or implied, is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Zhang Financial LLC expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and completeness of this information. All opinions and views constitute judgments as of the date of writing without regard to the date on which the reader may receive or access the information, and are subject to change at any time without notice and with no obligation to update. To the extent that these materials contain statements about the future, such statements are forward looking and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. This information is intended solely for the information of those to whom it is distributed by Zhang Financial LLC. No part of these materials may be reproduced or retransmitted in any manner without the prior written permission of Zhang Financial LLC. Zhang Financial LLC does not intend to provide investment advice through these materials and does not represent that any market position, economic forecast, securities or services are suitable for any investor. Investors are advised not to rely on these materials in the process of making a fully informed investment decision and they do not render business, tax or legal advice. Each client or prospective client should consult his/her own attorney, business advisor and tax advisor as to legal, business, tax and related matters concerning the information contained herein. The information, opinions and views contained herein have not been tailored to the investment objectives of any one individual, are current only as of the date noted and may be subject to change at any time without prior notice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investing involves risk of loss including the possible loss of principal.

Nonfarm payrolls were expected to come in at +91,000 for July, but ended up at -23,000. Earnings season continues, with the majority of S&P 500 companies having reported Q2 results, and those reporting have beaten expectations by almost 11%. The S&P rose 3.6% last week, on the solid earnings. The index now sits at +14.1% YTD, mirroring the International Developed index, which also shows +14.1% growth since January.

Disclosures:
These materials have been designed for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Such offers can only be made where lawful under applicable law. These materials have been prepared and derived on the basis of publicly available information, internally developed data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Zhang Financial LLC has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public and third party sources. No representation, warranty or undertaking, stated or implied, is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Zhang Financial LLC expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and completeness of this information. All opinions and views constitute judgments as of the date of writing without regard to the date on which the reader may receive or access the information, and are subject to change at any time without notice and with no obligation to update. To the extent that these materials contain statements about the future, such statements are forward looking and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. This information is intended solely for the information of those to whom it is distributed by Zhang Financial LLC. No part of these materials may be reproduced or retransmitted in any manner without the prior written permission of Zhang Financial LLC. Zhang Financial LLC does not intend to provide investment advice through these materials and does not represent that any market position, economic forecast, securities or services are suitable for any investor. Investors are advised not to rely on these materials in the process of making a fully informed investment decision and they do not render business, tax or legal advice. Each client or prospective client should consult his/her own attorney, business advisor and tax advisor as to legal, business, tax and related matters concerning the information contained herein. The information, opinions and views contained herein have not been tailored to the investment objectives of any one individual, are current only as of the date noted and may be subject to change at any time without prior notice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investing involves risk of loss including the possible loss of principal.

The Federal Reserve left rates unchanged, holding them at the target range of 3.5%-3.75%. Q2 GDP growth came in at +1.5%; the Atlanta Federal Reserve is forecasting a much larger figure for Q3 at 5% growth. Markets had a strong week, with the S&P 500, International developed, and emerging markets all rising over 1%. Emerging markets continue to lead the pack year-to-date, sitting at +20%.

Disclosures:
These materials have been designed for general informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. Such offers can only be made where lawful under applicable law. These materials have been prepared and derived on the basis of publicly available information, internally developed data and other third party sources believed to be reliable. Zhang Financial LLC has not sought to independently verify information obtained from public and third party sources. No representation, warranty or undertaking, stated or implied, is given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Zhang Financial LLC expressly disclaims any liability for the accuracy and completeness of this information. All opinions and views constitute judgments as of the date of writing without regard to the date on which the reader may receive or access the information, and are subject to change at any time without notice and with no obligation to update. To the extent that these materials contain statements about the future, such statements are forward looking and subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. This information is intended solely for the information of those to whom it is distributed by Zhang Financial LLC. No part of these materials may be reproduced or retransmitted in any manner without the prior written permission of Zhang Financial LLC. Zhang Financial LLC does not intend to provide investment advice through these materials and does not represent that any market position, economic forecast, securities or services are suitable for any investor. Investors are advised not to rely on these materials in the process of making a fully informed investment decision and they do not render business, tax or legal advice. Each client or prospective client should consult his/her own attorney, business advisor and tax advisor as to legal, business, tax and related matters concerning the information contained herein. The information, opinions and views contained herein have not been tailored to the investment objectives of any one individual, are current only as of the date noted and may be subject to change at any time without prior notice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investing involves risk of loss including the possible loss of principal.