When Rhode Island Ghosted America: The Awkward Story of the Last State to Join the Union

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When Rhode Island Ghosted America: The Awkward Story of the Last State to Join the Union

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On June 21st, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the United States Constitution, which was precisely the number needed to make the document officially operative. This was rather awkward timing for the remaining four states who were still debating the matter, as they suddenly found themselves in the position of having to decide whether to join a functioning government or become independent nations outside the new federal union. What makes this particularly fascinating is that two of the largest and most economically important states, New York and Virginia, had not yet ratified. Virginia actually came around just four days later on June 25th, though they had no idea New Hampshire had already sealed the deal when they were conducting their heated debates. The delegates in Virginia were arguing passionately about whether to be the critical ninth state, completely unaware that a smaller state to the north had already claimed that honor. New York didn't ratify until July 26th, and even then only by a razor-thin margin of three votes. The Anti-Federalists in New York had been so confident they could reject the Constitution that they were utterly blindsided when they realized the new government was happening with or without them. Their choice had suddenly transformed from "Should we help create this government?" to "Do we want to be a foreign country surrounded by the United States?" Rhode Island, being Rhode Island, held out until May 29th, 1790, by which point George Washington had already been president for over a year. They ratified by just two votes, making them the last original colony to join the party they had fought a war to make possible. The Senate had actually threatened them with trade sanctions, treating them essentially as a foreign nation, which finally convinced them that stubbornness has its limits.

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